Efficient Geographic Routing for High-Speed Data in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Abstract

In recent eras, a large amount of data has been transferred through wireless networks in fifth-generation communication using a two-phase geography greedy forwarding (TPGF) routing algorithm with reconfigurable routing metrics represented by RrTPGF in random duty-cycled wireless multilevel multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The proposed method reduces the sleep delay in geographic routing networks. the systematically forwarded node in the geographic routing network to identify the significant neighboring nodes. The proposed algorithm is efficient in identifying the geographical distance of the neighboring node and identifying the sleeping delay of the nodes during the communication process. The proposed algorithm efficiently differentiates the worked node from the unworked node on the basis that it identifies the optimal single routing path with a low sleeping delay time at geographic routing. As per the simulation result, the performance of the proposed method shows better results as compared to the conventional methods when considering the scenario size of 750mm × 450mm and 250 nodes with respect to the average delay of the proposed method, which is reduced to 0.6%, and the average hop counts, which are reduced to 0.56% as compared to the conventional method.

Enhancing 5G LTE Communications: A Novel LDPC Decoder for Next-Generation Systems

“…The types of errors that can impact 5G LTE include bit errors, where individual bits are flipped from 0 to 1 or vice versa; burst errors, which affect a string of consecutive bits; and packet errors, where entire blocks of data are lost or corrupted. These errors can degrade the quality of service, causing video streams to buffer, voice calls to drop, and critical data transmissions to fail [11]. Error-correcting codes in 5G LTE, such as Turbo codes, LDPC codes, and Polar codes, are designed to address these issues efficiently.…”