Efficient generation of extreme terahertz harmonics in three-dimensional Dirac semimetals

Lim, Jeremy; Ang, Yee Sin; Abajo, F. Javier García de; Kaminer, Ido; Ang, L. K.; Wong, Liang Jie

doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043252

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…To confirm that the propagation-induced effects we observe are not a consequence of temperature or scattering, we consider the low temperature limit (T → 0 K) and no carrier scattering (τ → ∞), although our model can fully account for these effects. Under these conditions, the current density is given by [23]:…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…Threedimensional Dirac semimetals (3D DSMs) [13][14][15][16][17][18], whose massless charge carriers result in extreme nonlinearity in the THz regime, is one such example. Recent experiments [19,20] and theory [21][22][23][24] have verified the promise of 3D DSMs in realizing compact, highly efficient THz HHG sources. In particular, even for moderate driving fields of ≤10 MV/m, highly efficient generation of the 3rd [19] and up to the 7th [20] harmonic have been demonstrated using the 3D DSM Cd 3 As 2 , with a theoretical study predicting efficient HHG up to the 31st order [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent experiments [19,20] and theory [21][22][23][24] have verified the promise of 3D DSMs in realizing compact, highly efficient THz HHG sources. In particular, even for moderate driving fields of ≤10 MV/m, highly efficient generation of the 3rd [19] and up to the 7th [20] harmonic have been demonstrated using the 3D DSM Cd 3 As 2 , with a theoretical study predicting efficient HHG up to the 31st order [23]. In contrast, conventional solid-state THz HHG platforms require driving fields 1 GV/m to generate comparable THz HHG intensities [25,26].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent experiments [19,20] and theory [23] have shown the bulk nature of 3D DSMs enables the output harmonic intensity to exceed that of 2D DSM graphene by over 10 times. Importantly, we find that increasing the thickness beyond previously considered values [19,20,23] allows further enhancement of the HHG output intensity. However, our studies also reveal that using nanofilms of highly nonlinear materials, of which 3D DSMs are only one example, places us within a regime of nonlinear optics in which the induced current undergoes as much as a π-phase-shift over extreme subwavelength propagation distances.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Control and Optimization of High Harmonic Generation in 3D Dirac Semimetals

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3D Dirac semimetals (DSMs) are promising materials for terahertz high harmonic generation (HHG). We show that 3D DSMs' high nonlinearity opens up a regime of nonlinear optics where extreme subwavelength current density features develop within nanoscale propagation distances of the driving field. Our results reveal orders-of-magnitude enhancement in HHG intensity with thicker 3D DSM films, and show that these subwavelength features fundamentally limit HHG enhancement beyond an optimal film thickness. This decrease in HHG intensity beyond the optimal thickness constitutes an effective propagation-induced dephasing. Our findings highlight the importance of propagation dynamics in nanofilms of extreme optical nonlinearity.

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Control and Optimization of High Harmonic Generation in 3D Dirac Semimetals

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The recent realization of topology as a mathematical concept in condensed matter systems has shattered Landau's widely accepted classification of phases by spontaneous symmetry breaking as he famously said, "a particular symmetry property exists or does not exist." Topological materials (TMs) such as topological insulators and topological semimetals, are characterized by properties that depend on the topology of the band structure. Such dependence has drastic implications on the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of the material. Fundamental physics of TMs is currently under active research in condensed matter, materials science, and high energy physics. In this review, recent advances in exploiting the unique properties of TMs to realize functional optoelectronic devices are surveyed. Current and future applications that are, or may be, enabled by their unique properties are discussed. Although many theoretical ideas have been proposed over the past decade or so on using TMs in optoelectronic applications, the focus will be on experimentally realized devices.

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Heterogeneous Transfer‐Learning‐Enabled Diverse Metasurface Design

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With the rapid growth in intelligent metasurfaces in the recent years, deep learning has attracted attention to transform the ways in which metasurfaces are simulated and designed. The unique advantages of deep learning lie in the powerful data‐driven modality, which allows a computational model to learn useful information using hierarchically structured layers. Among the various successful examples, there are forward and inverse designs. However, such designs are inherently data‐hungry. Thus, the data utilization efficiency must be maximized, and green metasurface design must be achieved. Here, the authors propose heterogeneous transfer learning to allow transferrable and data‐efficient metasurface design. The key to this method is a flexible network framework, which integrates feature augmentation and dimensionality reduction. The concept is demonstrated through three scenarios, i.e., metasurfaces with different parameterizations, different physical sizes, and completely different geometries, where the relative error reduction reaches up to 50%. Furthermore, an inverse metasurface design is proposed, which combines the forward predicted network and heuristic algorithm. This work considerably reduces the workload on data collection and overcomes the limitation that previous works only focused on fixed physical structures. The authors have also envisioned a “global metasurface gene bank,” in which researchers can freely “withdraw and save data” for various applications.

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Efficient generation of extreme terahertz harmonics in three-dimensional Dirac semimetals

Cited by 39 publications

References 66 publications

Control and Optimization of High Harmonic Generation in 3D Dirac Semimetals

Control and Optimization of High Harmonic Generation in 3D Dirac Semimetals

Topological Materials for Functional Optoelectronic Devices

Heterogeneous Transfer‐Learning‐Enabled Diverse Metasurface Design

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