Efficient Garbage Disposal Management in Metropolitan Cities Using VANETs

125

This paper focuses on the realization of an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture to optimize waste management in the context of Smart Cities. In particular, a novel typology of sensor node based on the use of low cost and low power components is described. This node is provided with a single-chip microcontroller, a sensor able to measure the filling level of trash bins using ultrasounds and a data transmission module based on the LoRa LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology. Together with the node, a minimal network architecture was designed, based on a LoRa gateway, with the purpose of testing the IoT node performances. Especially, the paper analyzes in detail the node architecture, focusing on the energy saving technologies and policies, with the purpose of extending the batteries lifetime by reducing power consumption, through hardware and software optimization. Tests on sensor and radio module effectiveness are also presented.

Section: Smart Cities and Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smart Cities and Waste Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Power IoT Sensor Node Architecture for Waste Management Within Smart Cities Context

Cerchecci

Luti

Mecocci

et al. 2018

125

“…LoRa is not the only technology used for waste management in cities. In [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], multiple Low Power Wide Area Network types are used to address the waste management problem, specifying complete solutions from the sensor to the application, addressing intelligent routing of waste trucks [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and energy [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ] as two of the main issues with this kind of application.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LoRa is not the only technology used for waste management in cities. In [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], multiple Low Power Wide Area Network types are used to address the waste management problem, specifying complete solutions from the sensor to the application, addressing intelligent routing of waste trucks [14][15][16] and energy as two of the main issues with this kind of application.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoRaWAN and Urban Waste Management—A Trial

Cruz

Cota

Tremoceiro

2021

The city of Lisbon, as any other capital of a European country, has a large number of issues regarding managing waste and recycling containers spread throughout the city. This document presents the results of a study promoted by the Lisbon City Council for trialing LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology for the waste management vertical under the Lisbon Smart City initiative. Current waste management is done using GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) sensors, and the municipality aims to use LPWAN in order to improve range and reduce costs and provisioning times when changing the communications provider. After an initial study, LoRa (Long Range) and LoRAWAN (LoRa Wide Area Network) as its network counterpart, were selected as the LPWAN technology for trials considering several use cases, exploring multiple distances, types of recycling waste containers, placements (underground or surface) and kinds of commercially available waste level measurement LoRa sensors. The results showed that the underground waste containers proved to be, as expected, the most difficult to operate correctly, where the container itself imposed attenuation levels of 26 dB on the LoRa link budget. The successful results were used to promote the deployment of a city-wide LoRa network, available to all the departments inside the Lisbon City Council. Considering the network capacity, the municipality also decided to make the network freely available to citizens.

“…Other related projects use WSN technology to measure health variables into different places such as nursing homes, hospitals or homes [ 9 ]. Other WSN can also be used to detect filled garbage containers along an area of a city to optimize the route of the garbage trucks [ 10 ]. Another example is fire detection in forests; deploying motes with fire sensors in a WSN along a forest enables to detect small blazes before a big fire [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Power Consumption Algorithm for Efficient Energy Consumption in ZigBee Motes

Vaquerizo-Hdez

Muñoz

Barrero

2017

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular since they can gather information from different locations without wires. This advantage is exploited in applications such as robotic systems, telecare, domotic or smart cities, among others. To gain independence from the electricity grid, WSNs devices are equipped with batteries, therefore their operational time is determined by the time that the batteries can power on the device. As a consequence, engineers must consider low energy consumption as a critical objective to design WSNs. Several approaches can be taken to make efficient use of energy in WSNs, for instance low-duty-cycling sensor networks (LDC-WSN). Based on the LDC-WSNs, we present LOKA, a LOw power Konsumption Algorithm to minimize WSNs energy consumption using different power modes in a sensor mote. The contribution of the work is a novel algorithm called LOKA that implements two duty-cycling mechanisms using the end-device of the ZigBee protocol (of the Application Support Sublayer) and an external microcontroller (Cortex M0+) in order to minimize the energy consumption of a delay tolerant networking. Experiments show that using LOKA, the energy required by the sensor device is reduced to half with respect to the same sensor device without using LOKA.