Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of ionic liquid pretreated chitin and its dissolution mechanism

Li, Jing; Huang, Wen‐Can; Gao, Li; Sun, Jianan; Liu, Zhen; Mao, Xiangzhao

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.027

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This was also confirmed by Li et al (2019), who reported a significant decrease in the crystallinity of the polymer after IL pretreatment, and thus higher enzyme activity when compared to non-treated polymer. The authors hypothesized that enzymatic performances were correlated with the polymers' structural changes and depended on polymer's particle size and porosity.…”

Section: Hydrolysissupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The IL/additive that was used as catalyst remained unseparated and are used "as is, " in the next catalytic cycle. For instance, in the formation of 5HMF from glucosamine (Li et al, 2019), the recyclability of [Hmim][HSO 4 ] catalyst was evaluated over five cycles on the "model" reaction, in a DMSO/water mixture. In every cycle, IL/catalyst was recovered, re-used, and the product yield was evaluated.…”

Section: Recovering Of Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Shamshina¹,

Bertón

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery is the most extensively investigated biorefinery model. At the same time, chitin, structurally similar to cellulose and the second most abundant polymer on Earth, represents a unique chemical structure that allows the direct manufacture of nitrogen-containing building blocks and intermediates, a goal not accomplishable using lignocellulosic biomass. However, the recovery, dissolution, and treatment of chitin was fairly challenging until the polymer's easy dissolution in ionic liquids (salts that are liquid at room temperature) was discovered. In this systematic review, we highlight recent developments in the processing of chitin, with a particular emphasis placed on methods conducted with the help of ionic liquids used as solvents, co-solvents, or catalysts. Such use of ionic liquids in the field of chemical transformations of chitin not only allows for shorter times and less harsh reaction conditions, but also results in different outcomes and higher product yields when compared with reactions conducted in "traditional" manner. Valorization of biomass in general, and chitin in particular, is a key enabling strategy of the circular economy, due to the importance of the sustainable production of biomass-based goods and chemicals and full chain resource efficiency. Economics is driven by the production of high-value chemicals or chemical intermediates from various biomasses, and chitinous biomass is a valuable potential resource. A fundamental "paradigm shift" will radically change the balance of oil-based chemicals to biopolymer-based chemicals, and chitin valorization is a necessary step aimed toward its full market competitiveness and flexibility.

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Section: Hydrolysissupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Recovering Of Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Shamshina¹,

Bertón

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The benefits of RAging are further highlighted by comparing the substrate loading used and the concentration of obtained GlcNAc with those of previously reported methods ( Table S1 in the Supporting Information). [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The typical substrate loading for RAging was at least one order of magnitude larger than for methods in which bulk solventi su sed, and even considering studies on less recalcitrant and/or pretreatedc hitin forms than the one used here, our GlcNAc yield [mg mL À1 ]w as approximately 2-30 times superior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is strikingly different from the conditions under which microbe-secreted enzymes,s uch as chitinases, have evolved to thrive in. We showedt hat both the efficiency and selectivity of chitinase are increased several times by switching from solution-based environments, traditionally used in enzymatic reactions, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to RAging conditions that operateo nm oist solid substrates in the absence of bulk solvent media. Our current hypothesis is that aging is the closestt ot he natural environment of microbial chitinases (under which there is no need for an exceedingly highreaction rate), whereas RAging, withi ts periodic milling activation events,m ay further accelerate the reaction through mechanical effects and improved mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chitinases,t hat is, enzymes that catalyzet he hydrolysiso fc hitin into itsm onomer,o ffer an opportunity for clean processing of chitin (Scheme 1), their use is hindered by the poor solubilityo fc hitin, which requires harsh pretreatment of the chitinous material, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] for example, with HCl to form a colloidalc hitin suspension, [27] or by using phosphoric acid to generate swollenc hitin. [28] Further,t here is an eed to improve chitinase activity and stabilityf or biotechnological applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

et al. 2019

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Chitin is not only the most abundant nitrogen‐containing biopolymer on the planet, but also a renewable feedstock that is often treated as a waste. Current chemical methods to break down chitin typically employ harsh conditions, large volumes of solvent, and generate a mixture of products. Although enzymatic methods have been reported, they require a harsh chemical pretreatment of the chitinous substrate and rely on dilute solution conditions that are remote from the natural environment of microbial chitinase enzymes, which typically consists of surfaces exposed to air and moisture. We report an innovative and efficient mechanoenzymatic method to hydrolyze chitin to the N‐acetylglucosamine monomer by using chitinases under the recently developed reactive aging (RAging) methodology, based on repeating cycles of brief ball‐milling followed by aging, in the absence of bulk solvent. Our results demonstrate that the activity of chitinases increases several times by switching from traditional solution‐based conditions of enzymatic catalysis to solventless RAging, which operates on moist solid substrates. Importantly, RAging is also highly efficient for the production of N‐acetylglucosamine directly from shrimp and crab shell biomass without any other processing except for a gentle wash with aqueous acetic acid.

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Heterogenously‐expressed chitosanase combining a green ball milling method for enzymatic degradation

Sun

Guo

et al. 2022

Food Bioengineering

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Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) and D-glucosamine (GlcN), the most valuable biomolecules due to their various physiological functions, can be available inexpensively from chitosan by bio-enzymatic degradation, in which chitosanases play a key role. On the other hand, pretreatment of chitosan is the necessary procedure in the bioproduction by enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, the green and efficient pretreatment strategy as well as superior enzyme activity are the most critical aspects in scaled up production. This study investigated environmentally friendly and efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of powdery chitosan (PC) pretreated by ball-milling. First, heterologous expression yielded OUC-CsnPT, a glycoside hydrolase family 46 chitosanase with a predominant specific activity of 5346.56 U/mg at pH 6.0°C and 45°C. The endo-type chitosanase OUC-CsnPT hydrolyzed chitosan to produce GlcN and chitobiose [(GlcN) 2 ]. Then, ball-milling was employed to pretreat PC to promote chitosanase OUC-CsnPT hydrolysis, and the effectiveness was characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and FTIR-attenuated total reflection. Through the development of the novel route, the yield of COSs and GlcN for ball-milling powdery chitosan increased by 10.8-folds with a concentration of 14.5 μmol/ml. Hence, this technique presents a promising strategy suited to be a straightforward and environmentally friendly option for oligosaccharides production, broadening the theoretical basis for PC biodegradation.

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Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of ionic liquid pretreated chitin and its dissolution mechanism

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

Heterogenously‐expressed chitosanase combining a green ball milling method for enzymatic degradation

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