Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin into <i>N</i>-acetyl glucosamine using alkali as a recyclable pretreatment reagent

Zhang, Alei; Wang, Chengyong; Chen, Jie; Wei, Guoguang; Zhou, Ning; Li, Ganlu; Chen, Kequan; Ouyang, Pingkai

doi:10.1039/d1gc00818h

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Along this line, the shell biorefinery concept was proposed, which targets to fractionate shells into various components and upgrade each fraction into a useful platform or end-product . Significant progress has been achieved in recent years on both upstream fractionation of shells − and downstream conversions of shell components (e.g., chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives). − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mu et al reported that the hydrolysis of cellulose is sensitive to the acid density of HZSM-5, featuring a decreasing trend with an increase of the Si/Al ratio. 43 On the contrary, Onda et al indicated that zeolites with a higher Si/Al ratio (Hβ (75) and HZSM-5 (45)) are superior in glucose formation rather than Hβ (13) and H-mordenite (10) due to the comparatively higher hydrophobic properties of zeolites with higher Si/Al ratios. 44 In addition, the presence of meso-/ macropores and a larger external surface area seem to be beneficial for polysaccharide depolymerization.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitin Hydrolysis Using Zeolites in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate

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Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), the monomer of chitin, is used as a food supplement and a key platform chemical to access a range of organonitrogen chemicals. However, efficient and environmentally benign catalytic systems to depolymerize raw chitin into monomers are still limited. In this regard, here we report hydrolysis of untreated chitin using low-cost and recyclable zeolites in LiBr molten salt hydrate (MSH). The chabazite (CHA) zeolites (silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 and aluminosilicate SSZ-13) exhibited superior performance compared with other zeolites (e.g., Hβ, HZSM-5, and HUSY). Under optimized conditions, nanosheet-like SAPO-34 crystals (NS-0.1) and commercial microporous SAPO-34 achieved 61 and 63% NAG yield, respectively. H + in zeolites exchanges with Li + in LiBr MSH, which then promotes chitin hydrolysis. Thus, the formation rate of NAG was not dependent on the textural properties of zeolites (e.g., pore size, surface area, pore volume) but rather correlated to the acid site properties. In particular, a strong negative correlation between Lewis acid density and NAG yield was observed. The work establishes a pathway to hydrolyze chitin using solid heterogeneous catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin Hydrolysis Using Zeolites in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate

Gözaydın

Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Traditionally, GlcNAc is produced through chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of crustacean shells [ 6 , 7 ]. However, there are several drawbacks to these extraction processes, such as the limitation of raw material supply and severe environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic Fermentation of Glucose and Glycerol for High-Yield N-Acetylglucosamine Production in Escherichia coli

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is an amino sugar that has been widely used in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, microbial production of GlcNAc has been developed. One major challenge for efficient biosynthesis of GlcNAc is to achieve appropriate carbon flux distribution between growth and production. Here, a synergistic substrate co-utilization strategy was used to address this challenge. Specifically, glycerol was utilized to support cell growth and generate glutamine and acetyl-CoA, which are amino and acetyl donors, respectively, for GlcNAc biosynthesis, while glucose was retained for GlcNAc production. Thanks to deletion of the 6-phosphofructokinase (PfkA and PfkB) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF) genes, the main glucose catabolism pathways of Escherichia coli were blocked. The resultant mutant showed a severe defect in glucose consumption. Then, the GlcNAc production module containing glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS*), glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA1*) and GlcNAc-6-phosphate phosphatase (YqaB) expression cassettes was introduced into the mutant, to drive the carbon flux from glucose to GlcNAc. Furthermore, co-utilization of glucose and glycerol was achieved by overexpression of glycerol kinase (GlpK) gene. Using the optimized fermentation medium, the final strain produced GlcNAc with a high stoichiometric yield of 0.64 mol/mol glucose. This study offers a promising strategy to address the challenge of distributing carbon flux in GlcNAc production.

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“…Methods involving the conversion of chitin to GlcNAc have been widely explored to date ( Husson et al, 2017 ; Zhang A. et al, 2021 ). In the commercial production of GlcNAc from chitin, acid hydrolysis at high temperatures is often used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Property and Function of a Novel Chitinase Containing Dual Catalytic Domains Capable of Converting Chitin Into N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine

et al. 2022

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A novel multifunctional chitinase (CmChi3)-encoding gene was cloned from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis and actively expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis showed that CmChi3 contains two glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH18) catalytic domains and exhibited low identity with well-characterized chitinases. The optimum pH and temperature of purified recombinant CmChi3 were 6.0 and 50°C, respectively. CmChi3 exhibited strict substrate specificity of 4.1 U/mg toward colloidal chitin (CC) and hydrolyzed it to yield N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) as the sole end product. An analysis of the hydrolysis products toward N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (N-acetyl COSs) and CC substrates revealed that CmChi3 exhibits endochitinase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase), and transglycosylase (TGase) activities. Further studies revealed that the N-terminal catalytic domain of CmChi3 exhibited endo-acting and NAGase activities, while the C-terminal catalytic domain showed exo-acting and TGase activities. The hydrolytic properties and favorable environmental adaptations indicate that CmChi3 holds potential for commercial GlcNAc production from chitin.

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Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin into N-acetyl glucosamine using alkali as a recyclable pretreatment reagent

Abstract: In this study, an alkali freeze-thaw pretreatment protocol was investigated to efficiently enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin into N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) at high concentrations. The optimal conditions for alkali freeze-thaw...

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Chitin Hydrolysis Using Zeolites in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate

Chitin Hydrolysis Using Zeolites in Lithium Bromide Molten Salt Hydrate

Synergetic Fermentation of Glucose and Glycerol for High-Yield N-Acetylglucosamine Production in Escherichia coli

Property and Function of a Novel Chitinase Containing Dual Catalytic Domains Capable of Converting Chitin Into N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine

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