Efficient encapsulation of biocompatible nanoparticles in exosomes for cancer theranostics

Tanziela, Tanziela; Shaikh, Sana; Jiang, Hui; Zhang, Lu; Wang, Xuemei

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100964

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 267 publications

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“…Nanoparticle loading via biological pathways has been a primary method of efficiently loading nanoparticles inside exosomes [ 27 , 33 ]. During this process, exosome-secreting cells are incubated with surface functionalized nanoparticles for a certain period of time (normally 24 h or 48 h), allowing nanoparticles to be internalized by cells mainly via endocytosis [ 33 ]. During exosome formation, the internalized nanoparticles by cells are sponanusely incoporated into the secreting exosomes.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nanoparticle-loaded Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Exosomes for Biomedical Applications

2021

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Exosomes are intrinsic cell-derived membrane vesicles in the size range of 40–100 nm, serving as great biomimetic nanocarriers for biomedical applications. These nanocarriers are known to bypass biological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier, with great potential in treating brain diseases. Exosomes are also shown to be closely associated with cancer metastasis, making them great candidates for tumor targeting. However, the clinical translation of exosomes are facing certain critical challenges, such as reproducible production and in vivo tracking of their localization, distribution, and ultimate fate. Recently, inorganic nanoparticle-loaded exosomes have been shown great benefits in addressing these issues. In this review article, we will discuss the preparation methods of inorganic nanoparticle-loaded exosomes, and their applications in bioimaging and therapy. In addition, we will briefly discuss their potentials in exosome purification.

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Section: Preparation Of Nanoparticle-loaded Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Exosomes for Biomedical Applications

2021

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“…They serve varied functional roles, such as in communication of signals between and within a cell by decorating their surface with specific lipid and protein components. Consequently, they have occupied a center stage in disease biology focused on 1) discovery of pathogenic mechanisms at the interface of host and pathogen, 2) to facilitate effective and non-invasive source of biomarkers (Kim et al, 2020), and 3) serve as biocompatible scaffold for therapeutic delivery and vaccine candidates (Tanziela et al, 2020). Apart from these, another judicious application of membrane vesicle has been in the studies on lateral membrane organization and its functional relevance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function

Srivatsav

Kapoor

2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition, one of the most versatile function of lipids is the formation of diverse lipid membrane vesicles for regulating various cellular processes including intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo. In this review, we focus on the various kinds of membrane vesicles in eukaryotes and bacteria, their biogenesis, and their multifaceted functional roles in cellular communication, host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications. We elaborate on how their distinct lipid composition of membrane vesicles compared to parent cells enables early and non-invasive diagnosis of cancer andtuberculosis, while inspiring vaccine development and drug delivery platforms. Finally, we discuss the use of membrane vesicles as excellent tools for investigating membrane lateral organization and protein sorting, which is otherwise challenging but extremely crucial for normal cellular functioning. We present current limitations in this field and how the same could be addressed to propel a fundamental and technology-oriented future for extracellular membrane vesicles.

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“…During bioengineering of exosome-producing cells, mainly two approaches are practiced by scientists. Either the exosome-producing cell is incubated with cargo (a specific drug or other desired solution) or by genetic transfection of the parent cell (manipulation of the cell by plasmid-containing miRNA, siRNA, or pDNA) ( Tanziela et al, 2020 ). Production of BioEng-Exo in this way is challenging because it is very time-consuming, and sometimes the required physical and chemical conditions are not favorable for viable cells.…”

Section: Bioengineering Of Exosomes For Brain Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postproduction exosome bioengineering is a feasible method because exosomes are non-living structure, so it is easy to apply the condition of choice, and high yield can be loaded onto exosomes compared with the cell-based modification approach. Direct exosome engineering can be done by incubation, sonication, electroporation, antibody-specific loading, the freeze-and-thaw method, and the saponin assist method ( Tanziela et al, 2020 ). Through these modification techniques, researchers either modify the surface or contents of exosomes.…”

Section: Bioengineering Of Exosomes For Brain Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native and Bioengineered Exosomes for Ischemic Stroke Therapy

Khan

Pan

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Exosomes are natural cells-derived vesicles, which are at the forefront toward clinical success for various diseases, including cerebral ischemia. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication in different brain cells during both physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes are an extensively studied type of extracellular vesicle, which are considered to be the best alternative for stem cell–based therapy. They can be secreted by various cell types and have unique biological properties. Even though native exosomes have potential for ischemic stroke therapy, some undesirable features prevent their success in clinical applications, including a short half-life, poor targeting property, low concentration at the target site, rapid clearance from the lesion region, and inefficient payload. In this review, we highlight exosome trafficking and cellular uptake and survey the latest discoveries in the context of exosome research as the best fit for brain targeting owing to its natural brain-homing abilities. Furthermore, we overview the methods by which researchers have bioengineered exosomes (BioEng-Exo) for stroke therapy. Finally, we summarize studies in which exosomes were bioengineered by a third party for stroke recovery. This review provides up-to-date knowledge about the versatile nature of exosomes with a special focus on BioEng-Exo for ischemic stroke. Standard exosome bioengineering techniques are mandatory for the future and will lead exosomes toward clinical success for stroke therapy.

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Efficient encapsulation of biocompatible nanoparticles in exosomes for cancer theranostics

Cited by 42 publications

References 267 publications

Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Exosomes for Biomedical Applications

Inorganic Nanoparticle-Loaded Exosomes for Biomedical Applications

The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function

Native and Bioengineered Exosomes for Ischemic Stroke Therapy

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