Efficient EMC Parameter Analysis for the Verification of Complex Automotive Simulation Models by the Utilization of Design of Experiments

Hein, Janne; Hippeli, Johannes; Eibert, Thomas F.

doi:10.1109/temc.2017.2784879

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The software (Visual-XSel, CRGRAPH GbR, Starnberg, Germany) was used to generate a design of experiments (DoE) test plan. The approach was set up as described earlier [27]. The overall optimization task was to enhance the lactate production, while minimizing the addition of nutrients to the BSG liquor.…”

Section: Statistical Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brewers’ spent grain liquor as a feedstock for lactate production with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis

Akermann

Weiermüller

Christmann

et al. 2020

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is a low-cost by-product of the brewing process. BSG liquor names the liquid components of BSG, mainly glucose, maltose, and long-chain -1,4-glycosidic bond glucose oligomers. These substances should be separated in existing BSG biorefineries, as they might lead to an increased formation of microbeinhibiting compounds in well-established hydrothermal/enzymatic saccharification processes. In most cases, this liquid fraction is discarded. The present study presents for the first time an optimized process with BSG liquor for the purpose of producing bulk chemicals (e.g., lactate) in relevant concentrations. The process comprises the application of yeast extract, produced from own brewing processes, as the sole supplemented complex constituent in a simultaneous fermentation and saccharification process. Kinetic parameters for the final optimized process conditions with the organism Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis were: maximum specific growth rate µ max = 0.47 h −1 , maximum lactate concentration c Lac, max = 79.06 g L −1 , process yield Y PS = 0.89 g Lac g Sugar −1 , lactate production rate q P = 4.18 g Lac g CDW −1 h −1 , and productivity P 15 h = 4.93 g Lac L −1 h −1 . BSG liquor, linked with yeast extract from Brewers' yeast, can be a promising substrate for further bioprocess engineering tasks and contribute to a holistic and sustainable usage of Brewers' spent grain. K E Y W O R D S biorefinery, brewers' spent grain (BSG) liquor, fermentation, lactate, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis 1 INTRODUCTION Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant by-product of the brewing process and available in large quantities since the worldwide annual beer production was 1.95 million hL in 2017 [1]. As 0.2 kg of BSG accumulate from the production of 1 L beer [2], this resulted in about 39 million metric tons Abbreviations: BSG, brewers' spent grain; CDW, cell dry weight; MRS medium, cultivation medium by De Man, Rogosa, Sharpe.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Section: Statistical Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brewers’ spent grain liquor as a feedstock for lactate production with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis

Akermann

Weiermüller

Christmann

et al. 2020

Engineering in Life Sciences

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“…The radio wave propagation loss in free space was calculated between two vehicles using Equation ( 12). The Egli model was used to calculate the propagation loss of the two vehicles using Equation (13). Based on the topographic profile, the propagation loss between the two vehicles on real terrain was calculated using Equations ( 12) and ( 30); the results are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section:    mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity of electromagnetic interference (EMI) amplifies in correlation with the complexity of the electromagnetic environment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. EMI stands out as the principal factor contributing to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues [9][10][11][12][13]. It is responsible for various complications, including diminished communication quality and the disruption of regular communication processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Analysis of the EMC Evaluation Model for Vehicular Communication Systems Based on Digital Maps

Zhang,

Lu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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With the development of vehicular communication technology, the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of vehicular communication systems are becoming more demanding. The traditional four-level electromagnetic compatibility evaluation model is widely applied in many scenarios. However, this model neglects the mutual interference of electronic devices inside a vehicle, and it cannot evaluate whether reduced radio receiver sensitivity, antenna isolation, and communication distance satisfy the system requirements for vehicular communication, thus making it unsuitable for digital communication systems. With the development of remote sensing technology, high-precision digital maps are easy to acquire and thus widely used. In this work, a modified five-level evaluation model based on digital maps is proposed, where digital maps are employed to support receiver sensitivity, antenna isolation, and communication performance evaluation. Through remote sensing technology and digital maps, a terrain profile is obtained, and a more accurate vehicle communication propagation model is established. In the experiment, an actual armored vehicular communication system example is applied to verify the performance of the proposed five-level evaluation model. Compared with the free-space propagation model, the error of the actual power received by the receiver is reduced by 0.97%, and the error of the communication distance where the sensitivity of the receiver is reduced by more than the system EMC threshold is reduced by 16.78%. The calculated antenna isolation degree is basically consistent with the actual measurement data. The model is able to evaluate the electromagnetic compatibility of an armored vehicular communication system more quickly, accurately, and comprehensively compared to previous evaluation models.

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Predictive Modeling for Detection of Source of Electromagnetic Disturbances in Inductive Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

Thiagarajan

Thangavelusamy

2022

IETE Journal of Research

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Efficient EMC Parameter Analysis for the Verification of Complex Automotive Simulation Models by the Utilization of Design of Experiments

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Brewers’ spent grain liquor as a feedstock for lactate production with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis

Brewers’ spent grain liquor as a feedstock for lactate production with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis

Construction and Analysis of the EMC Evaluation Model for Vehicular Communication Systems Based on Digital Maps

Predictive Modeling for Detection of Source of Electromagnetic Disturbances in Inductive Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles

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