Efficient electrochemical remediation of microcystin-LR in tap water using designer TiO2@carbon electrodes

Abstract

Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is the most abundant and toxic secondary metabolite produced by freshwater cyanobacteria. This toxin has a high potential hazard health due to potential interactions with liver, kidney and the nervous system. The aim of this work was the design of a simple and environmentally friendly electrochemical system based on highly efficient nanostructured electrodes for the removal of MC-LR in tap water. Titania nanoparticles were deposited on carbon (graphite) under a simple and efficient microwave assisted approach for the design of the electrode, further utilized in the electrochemical remediation assays. Parameters including the applied voltage, time of removal and pH (natural tap water or alkaline condition) were investigated in the process, with results pointing to a high removal efficiency for MC-LR (60% in tap water and 90% in alkaline media experiments, under optimized conditions).

TiO2@C Nanostructured Electrodes for the Anodic Removal of Cocaine

“…The microwave deposition was carried out in a Cem‐Discover model with PC control. The experiments were carried out in a closed vessel under continuous agitation and without .…”

“…Hence, research for innovative solutions in efficient removal of high impacting contaminants in water, soil, and air, have deserved utmost attention . Nowadays, new chemical and biological technologies to remove emerging contaminants are being developed, mainly new materials or techniques at nanoscale more eco‐friendly .…”

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

“…The e cacy of an EAOP also depends on the electrolyte composition and its electric conductivity. For instance, MC-LR degradation in ltered lake and tap water improved after increasing the conductivity by adding Na 2 CO 3 [128,132]. The electrolyte composition also dictates which reactive species are produced and thus, EAOPs can be tailored towards speci c requirements and pollutants.…”

“…In EAOPs, non-active anodes with high O 2 -overpotential (potential for O 2 development) such as borondoped diamond anodes (BDD) are usually employed. The higher the O 2 -overpotential, the weaker is the physisorption of OH to the anode surface, which, in turn, leads to higher OH availability in the solution[90].See formulas 40 -44 in the supplementary les section.Where M( OH) means OH is physisorbed to the anode surface M. Electrochemical oxidation of MC, NOD and CYN has been investigated with different electrodes and treatment parameters[120,[128][129][130][131]. One of the most in uential factors in terms of degradation effectiveness and operating costs are the electrodes used in EAOPs.…”

Electrochemical remediation of amoxicillin: detoxification and reduction of antimicrobial activity

“…Experiments were conducted in a closed vessel under continuous stirring and without cooling. Temperature, power irradiation and pressure were limited at 120°C, 220 W and 220 PSI respectively [34][35][36].…”