Efficient Decolorization of the Poly-Azo Dye Sirius Grey by Coriolopsis gallica Laccase-Mediator System: Process Optimization and Toxicity Assessment

Abstract

The textile industry produces high volumes of colored effluents that require multiple treatments to remove non-adsorbed dyes, which could be recalcitrant due to their complex chemical structure. Most of the studies have dealt with the biodegradation of mono or diazo dyes but rarely with poly-azo dyes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the biodegradation of a four azo-bond dye (Sirius grey) and to optimize its decolorization conditions. Laccase-containing cell-free supernatant from the culture of a newly isolated fungal strain, Coriolopsis gallica strain BS9 was used in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazol (HBT) to optimize the dye decolorization conditions. A Box–Benken design with four factors, namely pH, enzyme concentration, HBT concentration, and dye concentration, was performed to determine optimal conditions for the decolorization of Sirius grey. The optimal conditions were pH 5, 1 U/mL of laccase, 1 mM of HBT, and 50 mg/L of initial dye concentration, ensuring a decolorization yield and rate of 87.56% and 2.95%/min, respectively. The decolorized dye solution showed a decrease in its phytotoxicity (Germination index GI = 80%) compared to the non-treated solution (GI = 29%). This study suggests that the laccase-mediator system could be a promising alternative for dye removal from textile wastewater.