“…Differential evolution (DE), first proposed by Storn and Price (Storn and Price, 1997), is a simple yet powerful evolutionary algorithm. DE has exhibited notable performance due to its simple structure, rapid convergence speed as well as strong robustness and has been applied successfully in many domains of science and engineering such as neural network (Su et al, 2019;Baioletti et al, 2020), power system (Sakr et al, 2017;Reddy and Bijwe, 2019), medical aspect (Nunes et al, 2017;Song et al, 2019;Hosny et al, 2020), image processing (Paul and Das, 2015;Tarkhaneh and Shen, 2019) and many other practical optimization problems (Balamurugan and Muthukumar, 2019;Huang et al, 2020).…”