Efficient chlorine atom functionalization at nanodiamond surfaces by electron beam irradiation

Zhou, Jieying; Laube, Christian; Knolle, Wolfgang; Naumov, Sergej; Prager, Andrea; Kopinke, Frank‐Dieter; Abel, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2018.01.012

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…For the investigation of the influence of the graphite content, temperature, and photo heating of NDs on the DPP, NDs with a well-defined graphite content were prepared and characterized using recently established protocols. , As reference material for ND without a surrounding graphite layer, oxygen functionalized NDs (OND) were employed . The NDs were pressed into pellets to ensure homogeneous heat distribution and lower convection, causing a cooling of the NDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced Heating of Graphitized Nanodiamonds Monitored by the Raman Diamond Peak

et al. 2018

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Raman scattering investigations of the diamond peak properties of nanodiamonds with a size of 25 nm were performed in terms of temperature and laser power dependency. A similar trend of a bathochromic shift with increasing temperature and laser power was found, indicating the optical induced heating mechanism to be one of the main influencing factors on the Raman scattering behavior of nanodiamonds. As a direct consequence, nanodiamond particle impurities such as graphite have an indirect influence on the diamond peak properties by means of enhanced optical absorption of the particle, resulting in a higher rate of photoinduced heating. The results presented here are not only supplementing the list of influencing factors on the Raman scattering properties of nanodiamonds, but they also demonstrate that even a low graphite content leads to local particle temperature differences in the range of hundreds of °C already at low laser intensities within the range 105 W/cm2 with a substantial effect on the Raman spectrum of the nanodiamonds. This effect needs to be considered in numerous potential applications utilizing nanodiamonds as sensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinduced Heating of Graphitized Nanodiamonds Monitored by the Raman Diamond Peak

et al. 2018

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“…A variant of this approach, liquid-phase chlorination of NDs by molecular chlorine, has been proposed [ 76 ]. Alternatively, chlorination of ND surfaces has been carried out via an electron beam irradiation induced radical addition mechanism [ 77 ]. Considerable bromination of NDs has been demonstrated using N -bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a bromine source with hydroxylated NDs in dry CCl 4 under mild reaction conditions [ 65 ].…”

Section: Formation Of Uniform Surface Moieties On Ndsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous established conjugation strategies to form chemical bonds with primary amines. These include NHS esters, sulfonyl chlorides, aldehydes, isocyanates, acyl azides, epoxides, oxiranes, carbonates, aryl halides, imidoesters, carbodiimides, anhydrides, and fluorophenyl esters [ 77 ]. Aminated NDs were conjugated to both a fluorescent dye and a biotin moiety using their NHS derivatives ( Figure 3 D) [ 64 ].…”

Section: Covalent Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications

Jung

Neuman

2021

Nanomaterials

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Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that offer great promise for biological applications such as cell labeling, imaging, and sensing due to their exceptional optical properties and biocompatibility. Implementation of these applications requires reliable and precise surface functionalization. Although diamonds are generally considered inert, they typically possess diverse surface groups that permit a range of different functionalization strategies. This review provides an overview of nanodiamond surface functionalization methods including homogeneous surface termination approaches (hydrogenation, halogenation, amination, oxidation, and reduction), in addition to covalent and non-covalent surface modification with different functional moieties. Furthermore, the subsequent coupling of biomolecules onto functionalized nanodiamonds is reviewed. Finally, biomedical applications of nanodiamonds are discussed in the context of functionalization.

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“…119 Another method to conjugate ND-Br is obtained via an esterification reaction between the hydroxyl group of the NDs (28) and bromoisobutyryl bromide (Scheme 5c, 31). 120 Other methods for the halogenation of NDs involve the use of atomic or molecular fluorine, HF, and ClF 3 , 121 the utilization of fluorineand chlorine-containing plasmas (e.g., CF 4 , SF 6 , and Cl 2 ), 122−124 electron-beam irradiation using CCl 4 , 125 photochemical reaction of gaseous chlorine, 88 and the use of ultrahigh-vacuum fluorine and chlorine atomic beams. 126 ND-halogenated surfaces enable further modification of the diamond surfaces via various substitution reactions for targeted molecule grafting, particularly interesting for biochemical applications.…”

Section: Surface Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Surface Functionalization of Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications: A Review

Olia

Donnelly

Hollenberg

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Nanodiamonds (NDs) represent an emerging class of nanomaterials that have been used for a variety of applications including biosensing and imaging, drug delivery, energy storage and conversion, and quantum sensing. Many of these application areas require precise control over their ND surface properties to maximize and/or enhance the interaction between the particles and their surrounding environment. In this contribution, we review recent advances in the surface functionalization techniques of NDs with an emphasis on the biological applications of the material.

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Efficient chlorine atom functionalization at nanodiamond surfaces by electron beam irradiation

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Photoinduced Heating of Graphitized Nanodiamonds Monitored by the Raman Diamond Peak

Photoinduced Heating of Graphitized Nanodiamonds Monitored by the Raman Diamond Peak

Surface Modification of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications

Advances in the Surface Functionalization of Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications: A Review

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