Efficient CAN catalyzed synthesis of 1H-indazolo[1,2-b] phthalazine-1,6,11-triones: An eco-friendly protocol

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)–Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: An Efficient Catalyst for Green Organic Synthesis

“…[84] The synthesis of 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11-trione derivatives have been achieved by Kidwai and colleagues via a convenient one-pot protocol using phthalhydrazide, cyclic-β-diketone and aldehydes catalyzed by CAN (5 mol%) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at ambient temperature (Scheme 19). [85] Mild reaction conditions, excellent yields, enhanced reaction rates, solvent recyclability and operational simplicity are the striking features of this method. Aromatic aldehydes with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents proceed smoothly to give excellent product yields.…”

[Emim][BF4]: An Efficient Green Protocol for the Synthesis of Bioactive 2‐(5‐(substituted)‐2,6‐dioxo‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐2,3‐dihydrophthalazine‐1,4‐dione Derivatives

“…Among the large variety compounds of N ‐containing heterocycles, the hydrazine moiety containing molecules have received considerable attention due to their pharmacological properties and clinical applications. Therefore, in the literature, we find several reports on their synthesis .…”

Synthesis of 2 H- indazolo[2,1- b ]phthalazine-1,6,11(13 H )-triones using 1,4-disulfo-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium dihydrogen sulfate {DABCO(HSO 3 ) 2 (HSO 4 ) 2 } as a new ionic liquid catalyst

“…Recently, synthesis of 2H-indazolo [2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones , as an important derivatives of these types of compounds have been reported using cyanuric chloride [7], Mg(HSO 4 ) 2 [8], iodine [9], H 2 SO 4 [10], ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) [11], silica supported poly phosphoric acid [12], p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) [13], H 14 [NaP 5 W 30 O 110 ]/SiO 2 [14], silica sulfuric acid [15], melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) [16] as the catalysts. However, many of these methodologies are associated with one or more disadvantages such as use of expensive catalyst or toxic organic solvents [8,11], strong acidic conditions [10], and harsh reaction conditions [12,13].…”

“…However, many of these methodologies are associated with one or more disadvantages such as use of expensive catalyst or toxic organic solvents [8,11], strong acidic conditions [10], and harsh reaction conditions [12,13]. Therefore introduction of more efficient and green catalysts for the promotion of the preparation of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones is under considerable attention yet.…”