Efficient approach for dielectric permittivity measurements of liquids adopting a 3D‐printed cavity resonator

Abstract

This paper presents an operator‐friendly and cost‐efficient approach to characterize the dielectric permittivity of liquids flowing in narrow tubes, such as drainage tubes used as part of the wound healing process in hospitals. The approach is based on an oscillator such that the characterization can be achieved with minimal operator (e.g., nurse) training. The oscillator's frequency is set by a 3D‐printed cavity resonator as to offer flexibility for the tube line to pass through. The oscillator design had to be tailored to ensure the oscillation condition to be met over a wide range of varying liquid compositions passing through the 3D‐printed cavity resonator. The design and results of a proof‐of‐concept implementation are presented and discussed.

Simple, Fast, and Accurate Broadband Complex Permittivity Characterization Algorithm: Methodology and Experimental Validation from 140 GHz up to 220 GHz

“…Generally, permittivity characterization techniques can be classified into resonant and non-resonant techniques. For the resonant methods, a resonant cavity [13][14][15] or a printed resonator [16][17][18][19] is usually designed, with the material under test (MUT) being located in the cavity or loaded on the sensing area. By analyzing the variations of the resonator's resonant frequency and quality factor, one can extract the MUT's complex permittivity.…”

A fast and efficient method for permittivity measurement of thin‐film material

“…Dielectric permittivity is one of the significant parameters to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of materials and knowledge of the dielectric permittivity values of materials is a prerequisite step for many kinds of electromagnetic applications 1,2 . Approaches to characterize the dielectric permittivity of materials under test (MUT) are already well established, 3,4 which are typically categorized as resonant methods and nonresonant methods 5–15 . For resonant methods, they essentially include resonant perturbation methods and resonator methods, of which the measurement processes are complicated and inconvenient.…”

“…1,2 Approaches to characterize the dielectric permittivity of materials under test (MUT) are already well established, 3,4 which are typically categorized as resonant methods and nonresonant methods. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] For resonant methods, they essentially include resonant perturbation methods and resonator methods, of which the measurement processes are complicated and inconvenient. In addition, both of them have a considerable restriction on the shapes of MUT for different kinds of measurement apparatus, especially for the resonant perturbation method.…”