Efficient and sustainable recovery of lipids from sewage sludge using ethyl esters of volatile fatty acids as sustainable extracting solvent

Villalobos-Delgado, Felipe J.; Bitonto, Luigi di; Reynel-Ávila, Hilda Elizabeth; Mendoza-Castillo, Didilia I.; Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián; Pastore, Carlo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120630

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Extraction with organic solvents is harmful to the environment. For this reason, further experimental studies are currently being conducted by using both bioderived solvents (e.g., volatile fatty acid esters [62]) and solvent-free technologies [54,56] to minimize the environmental impact of lipid extraction according to green chemistry principles. Sewage scum, for which the proposed strategy promises the greatest benefit, is hardly ever collected.…”

Section: Feasibility Study Of Sewage Sludge Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge: An Environmentally Friendly Source for the Production of Biochemicals

di Bitonto,

Angelini,

Pastore

2024

Applied Sciences

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In this work, a detailed analysis of the lipid component in primary sludge and sewage scum up-taken from several wastewater treatment plants located in southern Italy was carried out. Lipids in the primary sludge accounted for 200–250 mg/g of the total solids (TS), with calcium soaps as a main component (70–82%), while total lipids made up about 350–500 mg/gTS in the sewage scum and consisted mainly of FFAs (45–60%) and calcium soaps (27–35%). In addition, estolides and 10-hydroxystearic acid were also quantified. A specific valorization process was then developed and tested for either primary sludge or sewage scum. In detail, lipids were first recovered, chemically activated by the addition of acids (calcium soaps were converted to free fatty acids) and finally reacted with methanol to obtain methyl esters. The lipid recovery from primary sludge and sewage scum was particularly efficient (recoverability of 92–99%). The conversion of the starting acids into FAMEs (yield > 98%) was achieved under very mild conditions (70 °C, 2 h) with AlCl3·6H2O as a catalyst. Biodiesel (according to EN14214), methyl 10-hydroxystearate and methyl estolides were efficiently isolated by distillation under vacuum. Finally, a feasibility study of the proposed processes was carried out to evaluate their possible integration into a wastewater treatment plant, critically analyzing both the positive aspects and the relative limitations.

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Section: Feasibility Study Of Sewage Sludge Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge: An Environmentally Friendly Source for the Production of Biochemicals

di Bitonto,

Angelini,

Pastore

2024

Applied Sciences

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“…The particulate matter released form the diesel engine is making the condition even worse [15][16] . The researchers have been trying to produce cleaner to fuel to reduce such hazardous effects [17][18] . Such alternate fuels either blended in some proportion in the conventional diesel or used as it in the engine depending upon the various physio chemical properties [19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Study of Mustard Oil Bio-diesel Blend in a Single Cylinder 4-stroke Diesel Engine

Chaudhary¹,

Kumar²,

Dangi³

2023

Evergreen

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In this article the performance study of mustard oil bio-diesel blended with commercially available diesel has been conducted on the single cylinder engine. The bio-diesel was extracted from the mustard oil by transesterification process. The percentage yield of the biodiesel was ≈82%. The extracted bio-diesel was blended with commercially available diesel in different fractions for the study. The performance study and emission analysis were calculated on single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. According to analysis brake specific energy consumption there was decreasedand there is slight increase in brake thermal efficiency. The exhaust analysis showed that there was considerable drop in the engine emission like carbon dioxide, carbon mono oxide and hydrocarbons, resulting in lower smoke opacity. The oxides of nitrogen were present at a higher percentage in the engine emissions when the bio-diesel blend was used.

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“…As such, a large amount of sewage sludge (SS) is inevitably generated by WWTPs (Arhoun et al 2019;Chang et al 2020). This sludge is regarded as one of the main waste streams (Villalobos-Delgado et al 2021), and it is estimated that more than 20 million tons of SS (dry/year) is generated worldwide (Melero et al 2015). Composting, incineration, and landfilling are generally used for the disposal of SS (Mulchandani and Westerhoff 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sewage sludge biochar as a catalyst in production of biodiesel through thermally induced transesterification

Jung

Kim

et al. 2022

Biochar

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Sewage sludge (SS) is a residual/semi-solid material produced from industrial and municipal wastewater treatment processes. SS contains a high content of lipids and earth alkaline metals that can be used as catalysts for various chemical applications; however, its valorization has rarely been the focus of research. This study demonstrates that SS could be a promising raw material for biodiesel production and a biochar catalyst to promote the reaction kinetics of alkylation. Thermally induced transesterification of the SS extract (SSE) was performed in comparison with the conventional homogeneous reaction. SS biochar was fabricated via pyrolysis. The highest yield (33.5 wt.% per SSE) of biodiesel production was achieved in 1 min of reaction at 305 °C via thermally induced transesterification in the presence of SS biochar, while the yield of biodiesel from (trans)esterification with 5 wt.% H2SO4 was less than 1% even after 24 h. The reaction kinetics (< 1 min) of thermally induced transesterification was extraordinarily faster than that of conventional transesterification (3–24 h). The porous structure and high content of alkaline species in the SS biochar expedited the reaction kinetics. Consequently, the integrated/hybridized process for thermally induced transesterification and pyrolysis of the solid residue of SS was experimentally proved for the valorization of SS in this study. Considering that SS is being disposed of as a waste material and generates toxic chemicals in the environment, its valorization into value-added biodiesel and a catalyst could be an environmentally benign and sustainable technique. Graphical Abstract

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Efficient and sustainable recovery of lipids from sewage sludge using ethyl esters of volatile fatty acids as sustainable extracting solvent

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge: An Environmentally Friendly Source for the Production of Biochemicals

Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge: An Environmentally Friendly Source for the Production of Biochemicals

Performance Study of Mustard Oil Bio-diesel Blend in a Single Cylinder 4-stroke Diesel Engine

Use of sewage sludge biochar as a catalyst in production of biodiesel through thermally induced transesterification

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