Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient air irrespective of the humidity

Tai, Qidong; You, Peng; Sang, Hongqian; Liu, Zhike; Hu, Chen; Chan, Helen Lai Wa; Yan, Feng

doi:10.1038/ncomms11105

Cited by 509 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Tai et al, also claimed to have excellent moisture stability by incorporating a lead (II) thiocyanate (Pb(SCN) 2 ) via a two-step sequential deposition. [130] The introduced SCN − with ionic radius of (0.215-0.22 nm) is comparable to that of I − (0.22 nm), therefore there is some possibility for SCN − to replace I − in the perovskite lattice. They proposed that the SCN − tends to align along the same direction as CH 3 [131,132] Smith et al and Cao et al reported that by partial substitution of MA + cation with long-chain organic cations, the moisture stability of the perovskite materials has notably improved.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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ruthenium molecular dye, wide absorption range, direct and tunable bandgaps, superior charge carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. [6,[43][44][45] Although it has been synthesized for over 100 years, Mitzi et al. were the first to investigate the electrical properties of tin-based perovskite in 1994, [46] which was later used in numerous devices, including field effect transistors (FETs) and LEDs. [47][48][49] The attention toward metal halide perovskites sparked yet again in 2009, [42] and they were later named one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. In brief, metal halide perovskites can be divided into two types based on their crystal structure motif: (i) 3D-structured perovskite (AMX 3 ) and (ii) 2D-structured perovskite (A 2 MX 4 ). The structure of the perovskite could either be 2D or 3D, while the dimensions of the perovskite probably belong to 0D-3D. The term "perovskite" implies to the general class of materials derived from an elemental composition of AMX 3 and demonstrates the crystal structure of perovskite crystal CaTiO 3 , where the divalent metal M resides at the body center and surrounded by six X-anions located at the face centers in an octahedral cluster. The MX 6 in the octahedral cluster may form an extended 3D structure by all-corner-connected type with A-cation sitting at the center. It could also form a 2D perovskite when the 3D perovskite network is cut into one-layer-thick slices along the 〈100〉 direction and separates them apart. In principle, 2D perovskite is the easiest to synthesize because of its natural layered structure, which is held together by weak van der Waals forces. Dou et al. reported the large-scale synthesis of the monolayer (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 -PbBr 4 by a chemical method. [50] Along the same lines, several groups have prepared and characterized nanomaterials composed of various forms of perovskites. [51][52][53] Also, our group has recently successfully prepared a low-dimensional mixed 2D/3D perovskite using the protonated salt of amino valeric acid iodide (AVAI) as an organic precursor mixed with PbI 2 , in which a yellowish film was containing needle-like crystallite formed. [54] In this topical review, we present the latest advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and the growth mechanism to develop a strategy to achieve best performing devices. Later, we focus the instability and a cost-effective solution to circumvent this problem, which is vital for the eventual deployment of perovskite solar cells to consumers market. We present an analysis of the origins for instability in perovskite solar cells, and present a summary of the main achievements and possible future developments of these low-dimensional perovskite. [2,55] Perovskite solar cells have been heralded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016 because of the very high power conversion efficiency of 22% and the low cost of generating electricity compared to even fossil fuels. These are formed with various dimensionalities and can be fully mani...

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Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…In contrast, the MAPb(SCN) 2 I reflection value increased slightly under the same humidity for 4 h. Moreover, the color of the MAPbI 3 film was almost completely changed to yellow in air for 30 d, indicating the formation of PbI 2 , whereas no significant change was observed for MAPb(SCN) 2 I. When exposed to 95% relative humidity air, the PCE of MAPbI 3 ‐based device decreased from 8.8 to 6.9% in 7 d and completely decomposed in 14 d, while that of the MAPb(SCN) 2 I‐based device only decreased from 8.3 to 7.4% in 14 d. Yan and co‐workers also prepared a stable MAPbI 3− x (SCN) x in humidity air 59. The average PCE of perovskite devices was 13.49%, and the maximum PCE exceeded 15%, even when the relative humidity kept 70% over 500 h. Calculations showed that the introduction of SCN − groups into the perovskite lattice was thermodynamically stable.…”

Section: Perovskite Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on the Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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As rapid progress has been achieved in emerging thin film solar cell technology, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have aroused many concerns with several desired properties for photovoltaic applications, including large absorption coefficients, excellent carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low‐cost, and unbelievable progress. Power conversion efficiencies increased from 3.8% in 2009 up to the current world record of 22.1%. However, poor long‐term stability of PVSCs limits the future commercial application. Here, the degradation mechanisms for unstable perovskite materials and their corresponding solar cells are discussed. The strategies for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs are also summarized. This review is expected to provide helpful insights for further enhancing the stability of perovskite materials and PVSCs in this exciting field.

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“…This superior moisture tolerance was further confirmed by Tai and coworkers. [191] The introduction of SCN − allowed for preparation of high quality PVSK films even in high humidity environments (exceeding 70% RH). The devices exhibited excellent long-term stability features, even after more than 500 h ageing in humid air without encapsulation, maintaining the majority of its initial efficiency (>85%).…”

Section: F − or Pseudohalide/i Mixed Pvskmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of the Mixed Perovskites and Their Applications as Solar Cells

Xiao

Liü

Zhang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

124

103

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The halide perovskite (PVSK) materials (with ABX3 formulation) have emerged as “dream materials” for photovoltaic (PV) applications due to their remarkable physical properties such as high optical absorption coefficient, carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion lengths, etc. These properties have enabled the PV devices to reach higher than 20% power conversion efficiencies (PCE) in record time. The further pursuit of higher PCE and improved stability brings forth increasing interests in so‐called “mixed composition” PVSK materials, consisting of partial substitution of the A, B, and/or X‐sites with alternative elements/molecules of similar size. Herein, we highlight the recent advances in developing mixed PVSK for PVs and their relevant optoelectronic properties. We mainly focus on mixed PVSK materials in the form of polycrystalline thin films, but also discuss nanostructured and two‐dimensional (2D) PVSK materials due to the increasing interest of broad readership. Efforts are exerted to elucidate the design principles of mixed PVSK and fabrication techniques for high performance optoelectronic devices, which help deepen our fundamental understanding of mixed PVSK systems. We hope this review will shed light onto the design and synthesis of mixed PVSK materials to further the progress of PVSK photovoltaics towards higher efficiencies and longer lifetimes.

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Efficient and stable perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient air irrespective of the humidity

Cited by 509 publications

References 46 publications

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Progress on the Long‐Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

The Emergence of the Mixed Perovskites and Their Applications as Solar Cells

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