Efficient and practical organocatalytic system for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides: 3-hydroxypyridine/tetra-n-butylammonium iodide

Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide catalyzed by talc and other phyllosilicates

“…Thus, for example, Whiteoak and co-workers [ 51 ], improved the cyclic carbonate yield from 0 to ≥ 75% when they used their catalyst in combination with quaternary ammonium halides. Also, Wang and co-workers [ 52 ], enhanced the performance of 3-hydroxypyridine catalyst from 6 to ≥ 82% in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as co-catalyst.…”

“…4 Simplified structure of layers of vermiculite generated using crystallographic data taken from Argüelles and co-workers [37]. Water molecules are shown as light purple spheres Also, Wang and co-workers [52], enhanced the performance of 3-hydroxypyridine catalyst from 6 to ≥ 82% in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as co-catalyst.…”

Cycloaddition of atmospheric CO2to epoxides under solvent-free conditions: a straightforward route to carbonates by green chemistry metrics

“…Subsequently, the same authors further improved the efficiency of their protocol by replacing 2-pyridinemethanol with 3-hydroxypyridine. 43 In 2016, Bhanage's research team developed novel aminefunctionalized graphene oxide composite by simple heating (80 C) of graphene oxide with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) in ethanol. 44 The authors characterized the synthesized AP-GO by using various analyses such as TEM, SEM, XPS, EDS, XRD, and FTIR.…”

(Thio)urea containing quaternary ammonium salts for the CO2-fixation with epoxides

“…It has been well documented in the past that simple achiral ammonium halides can be used to facilitate the CO 2 -fixation with epoxides 1 [31][32][33], but it was also clearly shown that Lewis and/or Bronsted acids do significantly improve the reaction's performance (see Refs. [23,29] for two examples). We thus decided to first carry out a systematic screening of the CO 2 -fixation potential of all the differently functionalized catalysts shown in Fig.…”

“…Besides that, also metalfree approaches, mostly using ionic liquids [11,12] or small molecule organocatalysts [6], were systematically tested for this transformation. Among the used organocatalysts, especially dual catalyst systems or bifunctional organocatalysts consisting of a nucleophilic motive and an acidic functionality (that is supposed to activate the epoxide opening by the nucleophilic group leading to an alkoxide which then reacts with CO 2 ) have shown high potential for these reactions under mild atmospheric pressure conditions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Our group has a fundamental interest in bifunctional ammonium salt catalysis (i.e., for asymmetric catalysis [26][27][28]), and we have recently also carried out CO 2 -fixation reactions with epoxides in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt catalysts [22,29,30].…”