Efficient and green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones using imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid as a novel, reusable and water-soluble organocatalyst

Calcium, Barium and Strontium apatites: A new generation of catalysts in the Biginelli reaction

“…Since it is important to produce less chemical waste and to strive towards greener chemistry, there are several examples of solvent-free reaction conditions using different types of catalysts [25][26][27].…”

Organocatalyzed Biginelli Reactions

“…Kargar and coworkers [15] reported the use of imidazole-1yl-acetic acid (CAT-5). However, only aromatic aldehydes were utilized in these studies ( Table 2) [15]. This catalyst produced the Biginelli adducts in good-to-excellent yields (>85%).…”

Cobalt‐based metal coordination polymers with 4,4′‐bipyridinyl groups: highly efficient catalysis for one‐pot synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones under solvent‐free conditions

“…A variety of detailed catalytic protocols have been employed in the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of DHPMs, which include classical conditions, solid‐phase synthesis, ionic liquids, solvent‐free, microwave and ultrasound irradiation in the presence of catalysts with Brønsted acid, Lewis acid and organic base . For instance, imidazole‐1‐yl‐acetic acid, β‐cyclodextrinpropylsulfonic acid, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ‐imid‐PM, silica gel– l ‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid, 12‐molybdophosphoric acid, 12‐tungstophosphoric acid, PPF‐SO 3 H, phytic acid, I 2 , mesoporous solid acids, transition metal Lewis acid, and other catalysts have been extensively employed. Though considerable progress in the catalyzed Biginelli reaction has been made, problems such as low yield, purification issues, long reaction time, tedious work‐up process, cost and amenable reaction conditions are still challenging the scientific community.…”