Efficient ammonia recovery from wastewater using electrically conducting gas stripping membranes

Iddya, Arpita; Hou, Dianxun; Khor, Chia Miang; Ren, Zhiyong Jason; Tester, Jefferson W.; Gross, Amit; Jassby, David

doi:10.1039/c9en01303b

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…22 Slightly lower NH 3 recovery rates were produced in our study compared to the other previous study (68.8 ± 8.0 gNH 3 -N/m 2 /d) where a Ni-CNT/PTFE membrane electrode was examined. 23 However, in that study, a different cell configuration was used to primarily separate aqueous NH 4 + from synthetic wastewater across a cation exchange membrane using an electric field. Indirect NH 3 -N recovery from synthetic wastewater with fewer hindrances might have resulted in such high NH 3 recovery fluxes with low energy consumptions.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other study reported NH 3 fluxes of 68.8 ± 8.0 gNH 3 -N/m 2 /d using a Ni-CNT/ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane electrode in a twochamber cell separated by a cation exchange membrane to selectively harvest NH 4 + from synthetic wastewater. 23 However, the practical application of carbon nanomaterials in the membrane electrode for NH 3 recovery is still uncertain due to the difficulties of large-scale production. 24 In this study, we examined a Ni-functionalized activated carbon (AC) electrode with a hydrophobic layer formed by a simple phase inversion.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Centrate Using a Nickel-Functionalized Activated Carbon Membrane Electrode

Kim

Moreno-Jimenez

Efstathiadis

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) recovery from used water (previously wastewater) is highly desirable to depart from fossil fuel-dependent NH 3 production and curb nitrogen emission to the environment. Electrochemical NH 3 recovery is promising since it can simply convert aqueous NH 4 + to gaseous NH 3 using cathodic reactions (OH − generation). However, the use of a separated electrode and membrane imposes high resistances to the cathodic reaction and NH 3 transfer. This study examined an activated carbon (AC)-based membrane electrode functionalized with nickel to electrochemically recover NH 3 from synthetic anaerobic centrate. The membrane electrode was fabricated using nickeladsorbed AC powder and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder, and the PVDF membrane layer was formed at the electrode surface by phase inversion. The NH 3 -N recovery flux of 50.3 ± 0.4 gNH 3 -N/m 2 /d was produced at 17.1 A/m 2 with a recovery solution at pH 7, and NH 3 -N fluxes and energy consumptions were improved as the recovery solution became acidic (62.2 ± 2.1 gNH 3 -N/m 2 /d with 16.0 ± 1.6 kWh/kgNH 3 -N at pH 2). Increasing PVDF loadings did not impact the electrochemical performances of the Ni/AC-PVDF electrode, but slightly lower (7%) NH 3 -N fluxes were obtained with higher PVDF loadings. Ni dissolution (3.7−6.0% loss) was affected by the recovery solution pH, but it did not impact the performances over the cycles.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Centrate Using a Nickel-Functionalized Activated Carbon Membrane Electrode

Kim

Moreno-Jimenez

Efstathiadis

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Hydrophobic or electrically conducting membranes have been recently developed to efficiently recover (or capture) valuable resources, such as ammonia and phosphate, from wastewater [ 103 , 104 ]. These membranes facilitate the conversion of ammonium into ammonia or enhance the mass transfer of the target compound.…”

Section: Energy and Resource Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

2020

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In the past few decades, membrane-based processes have become mainstream in water desalination because of their relatively high water flux, salt rejection, and reasonable operating cost over thermal-based desalination processes. The energy consumption of the membrane process has been continuously lowered (from >10 kWh m−3 to ~3 kWh m−3) over the past decades but remains higher than the theoretical minimum value (~0.8 kWh m−3) for seawater desalination. Thus, the high energy consumption of membrane processes has led to the development of alternative processes, such as the electrochemical, that use relatively less energy. Decades of research have revealed that the low energy consumption of the electrochemical process is closely coupled with a relatively low extent of desalination. Recent studies indicate that electrochemical process must overcome efficiency rather than energy consumption hurdles. This short perspective aims to provide platforms to compare the energy efficiency of the representative membrane and electrochemical processes based on the working principle of each process. Future water desalination methods and the potential role of nanotechnology as an efficient tool to overcome current limitations are also discussed.

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“…Thus, a large amount of ammonia still remains in the solution after struvite precipitation, resulting in a low rate of overall ammonia recovery and requiring further targeted recovery of ammonia. Various technologies, including air stripping, forward osmosis, ion exchange, and electrodialysis, have been evaluated to recover ammonia from wastewaters. ,− Among these technologies, air stripping is highly effective in ammonia recovery from HT process water. , Especially, prior studies showed high N and P recovery efficiencies for urine via employing the combined processes of air stripping and struvite precipitation. , Thus, we hypothesize that a sequential struvite precipitation and air stripping process can maximize P and N recovery from HT process water, as the pH range (8–10) for struvite precipitation can be adjusted to facilitate downstream ammonia recovery through air stripping (the p K a value of NH 3 is 9.25) . Given that the presence of Fe inhibits formation of struvite precipitates, it is important to evaluate this sequential process for P/N recovery from HT process water derived from Fe-rich sludges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Kinetics of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Iron-Rich Sewage Sludges during Hydrothermal Treatment and Recovery of Nutrients from Process Water

Wang

Jung

Wan

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hydrothermal treatment (HT) is an emerging technique for sustainable sewage sludge management and resource recovery. Many sludges are rich in iron (Fe) due to the common addition of Fe salts in water resource recovery facilities. To develop guidance for reaction conditions targeting nutrient recovery, this study systematically investigated the influence of HT temperature, treatment time, and sludge source on the dynamic speciation evolution of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) during HT of Fe-rich sewage sludge. Complementary chemical extraction and X-ray spectroscopy analyses were conducted to characterize the treatment products. For the sludge mixture (a blend of primary and waste activated sludges), P speciation did not change significantly within 4.5 h at 125 °C HT, while soluble and labile P was converted into insoluble P over time at 175 and 225 °C HT. Strengite (FePO4·2H2O) preferentially formed in the hydrochars with increasing treatment temperature and/or time, whereas 125 °C HT within 1.5 h favored the formation of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O). Organic P was completely decomposed into orthophosphate when the HT temperature reached up to 175 °C. Pyrrole-N was enriched in the hydrochars. Similar reaction pathways were observed during HT of anaerobically digested sludge, though some minor differences in Fe-associated P and organic P were observed. Meanwhile, HT of the two sludges released orthophosphate and ammonia into the process waters at 175 and 225 °C, which can be recovered by a sequential process involving struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) precipitation and air stripping. This study provides new insights into the transformation of P and N during HT of Fe-rich sludges as well as a modular design for maximum P and N recovery from the treatment products.

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Efficient ammonia recovery from wastewater using electrically conducting gas stripping membranes

Abstract: Recovery of nutrients, such as ammonia, from wastewater offers an attractive approach to increase the overall sustainability of waste management practices.

Cited by 37 publications

References 76 publications

Electrochemical Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Centrate Using a Nickel-Functionalized Activated Carbon Membrane Electrode

Electrochemical Ammonia Recovery from Anaerobic Centrate Using a Nickel-Functionalized Activated Carbon Membrane Electrode

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

Transformation Kinetics of Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Iron-Rich Sewage Sludges during Hydrothermal Treatment and Recovery of Nutrients from Process Water

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