Efficient adsorbent derived from Haloxylon recurvum plant for the adsorption of acid brown dye: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic optimization

Adsorption studies and effect of heat treatment on porous glass microspheres

“…20,21 The unknown molar Gibbs of the pollutants released into water bodies, causing contamination. 9 Several types of polymeric, glass, glassceramic and ceramic based microspheres have shown promising results for adsorbing micro-pollutants such as heavy metals, proteins, and especially synthetic organic dye molecules. [10][11][12] Ali et al reported polyamide branches grafted carbon microspheres prepared via soft template method followed by interfacial polymerization reaction for removal of rhodamine B (RhB) dye.…”

“…Especially in the field of oxide glasses, the thermodynamic model of Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva has been successfully applied in previous years. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The SVTDM model considers glasses and melts to be an ideal solution formed by salt products of equilibrium chemical reactions of simple starting substances, e.g. oxides, halides, etc.…”

“…Total adsorption was calculated by integrating the C 0 -C t versus t curve according to equation where q total (mg) is the total adsorption, Q (mL/min) is the flow rate, C ad (mg/L) is the adsorbed concentration (C 0 -C t ), and t (min) is the adsorption time. Equilibrium uptake, q eq (mg/g) in the column was calculated using q i from Equation (9) and Equation (10) 40 where m (g) is the amount of microspheres used.…”

Kinetic and equilibrium adsorption parameters estimation based on a heterogeneous intraparticle diffusion model

“…Generally, adsorption kinetic models can be divided into two main groups: adsorption reaction and adsorption diffusion models [2,3]. Belonging to the former group are the widely used pseudo first and second-order models to adjust batch kinetic data [4][5][6] without any concern about the mechanism of adsorption in a purely empirical fitting exercise [7]. These are simple equations based on adsorption capacity which depend on experimental conditions and therefore lacks in the prediction on other not tested conditions.…”

Acid‐Thermally Modified Merremia vitifolia for the Removal of 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

“…For adsorption, activated carbons are commonly employed due to higher specific surface area, higher stability, and removal efficiency [7], but they are expensive [8]. Therefore, current research practices aim at the preparation of lowcost biosorbents from naturally available biomass [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. For 2,4-D removal, different biosorbents such as cotton plant ash and char [16], activated carbons from lignocellulosic materials of willow, miscanthus, flax, and hemp shives [17], and water hyacinth [18] were proposed.…”