Efficient 3D Positioning of UAVs and User Association Based on Hybrid PSO-K-Means Clustering Algorithm in Future Wireless Networks

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an important role in the future of 5G and 6G communication networks. UAV-assisted communication offers the benefits of improved network capacity and coverage. A typical communication setup is for UAVs to connect users to the core network via a backhaul channel. Some of the challenges in such a setup include user-UAV association and management of the backhaul channel. These two challenges are greatly impacted by the positioning of the UAVs in the network. In this article, we address these challenges by considering a joint UAV placement and user association problem under data rate, signal to interference and noise ratio, and bandwidth constraints. To overcome this problem, a hybrid PSO-K-means clustering algorithm is used in two stages. In the first stage, we use a K-means algorithm to cluster users and determine their horizontal locations. In the second stage, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find the efficient 3D position of UAVs to maximize various network designs, namely, the network-centric approach and the user-centric approach. The performance of the proposed solution is verified using simulation results.

Classify Glassy Antiques Based on the Chemical Components

“…The results of both are almost completely correct, except that one of the eight test samples cannot be accurately recognized due to the poor performance of class 2 of k-means. However, it can also be the result of the small volume of the test set and if the volume of the test set increases, some differences in prediction results may appear [9,10]. In addition, although PSO-k-means shows stronger clustering ability, as an improved k-means algorithm based on an optimization algorithm, it may still fall into the problem of local optimization that requires to take measures to prevent.…”

Joint User Association and Power Control in UAV Network: A Graph Theoretic Approach

“…Regarding the main focus of this paper, which is UAV-user association and user power control, some research works have studied these topics. In [16], the joint placement of UAVs and user association under different constraints to optimize network performance were addressed. However, it did not explicitly discuss energy efficiency, including users' power control.…”

“…Consequently, addressing the UAV-user association problem becomes crucial for maximizing system performance, capacity, and reliability for enabling various UAV applications [13]. The existing literature of UAV association and UE power control [2,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] have a critical research gap: most of them did not consider the UE's traffic demands while associating it with the most appropriate UAVs. Also, they never considered the critical point of the UE's limited batter budget through proposing efficient power control schemes as extensively discussed in the related works section in this paper.…”

A novel high-dimensional clustering algorithm and its application in financial data forecasting

“…This paper reviews a large amount of related literature and analyzes the research results of scholars at home and abroad. Majd et al [1] proposed a hybrid PSO-K-mean clustering algorithm that uses PSO to find three-dimensional locations and finalize their two-dimensional locations. However, this is only a two-dimensional clustering algorithm that randomly initializes the clustering centers.…”