Efficiency of Stem Cell (SC) Differentiation into Insulin-Producing Cells for Treating Diabetes: a Systematic Review

Abstract

Over the recent years, the use of stem cells has provided a new opportunity to treat various disorders including diabetes. Stem cells are unspecialized cells with a capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into more specialized cell types. Many factors contribute to the differentiation of SCs and thus play an important role in regulating the fate of stem cells. Accordingly, a wide range of protocols has been used to differentiate SCs to insulin-producing cells but the effectiveness of SC differentiation varies. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the results obtained from different studies on SC differentiation for higher efficacy to treat diabetes. This search was done in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus using keywords “insulin-producing cell (IPC),” “pancreatic B cell,” “insulin-secreting cell,” “stem cell,” “progenitor cells,” “mother cell,” and “colony-forming unit.” Among more than 3646 papers, 32 studies were considered eligible for more evaluations. The obtained results indicated that most of the studies were performed on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues as compared with other types of SCs. Different evaluations of in vitro studies as well as animal models supported their role in the recovery of diabetes. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in increasing the efficiency of SC differentiation using different materials, but despite the promising results of this systematic review, further studies are needed to assess the efficiency and safety of transplantation of these cells in diabetes recovery.

Optimization of differentiation protocols of dental tissues stem cells to pancreatic β-cells

“…Considerable progress has been achieved in devising IPCs differentiation protocols suitable for potential clinical applications. In fact, a versatile range of differentiation protocols capable of generating IPCs from various sources of stem cells are now widely available [ 34 ]. However, the differentiation efficiency and the maturation capacity of those generated cells, are still faced with challenges that need to be addressed.…”

The Efficiency of Stem Cells (SCs) Differentiation into Functional Hepatocytes for Treating Liver Disorders: A Systematic Review

“…In the other in vivo studies differentiated [37,2,9,36,16,58,72,61] SCs were transplanted to patient or animals and exhibited liver regeneration, also, their liver function improved.…”

“…Liver disorders include a wide range of both acute and chronic conditions, which are linked with remarkably morbidity and mortality across and differentiation into several specialized cell types. In vitro condition, several factors such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell-to-cell adhesion, cell-to-cell contact, and soluble factors may affect their differentiation into specialized cell types, and play an important role in regulating the fate of stem cells [ 2 ]. Accordingly, a various range of protocols has been used to differentiate SCs toward hepatocytes.…”

Human Insulin: History, Recent Advances, and Expression Systems for Mass Production

“…When AD-MSCs were grown in a fibroblast growth factorcontaining medium, they produced markers such as Isl1 mRNA, which are required for the formation of pancreatic islet cells 113 . Several studies have shown that AD-MSCs from the mouse epididymis can develop into cells that express PDX1, Ngn3, NeuroD, Pax4, Glut2, and produce insulin and C-peptide 114 . After 38 days of co-culture with islet cells, AD-MSCs were shown to be differentiated into iPSCs 115 .…”