Efficiency of Production and Application of Solid Fuels in Rural Areas

Abstract

In agriculture of Ukraine, crop production is over 79%, of which more than half is accounted for by cereals, legumes and industrial crops. A significant amount of by-products is prioritized for use as organic fertilizers, a certain amount is burned in the fields, which harms the environment and reduces soil fertility, and only 2-3% is used for energy needs. At the same time, the use of crop by-products as organic fertilizers involves the application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil, because in the process of biodegradation of plant residues a significant amount of nitrogen is removed from the soil. In addition, plant residues are not recommended to be deeply plowed to accelerate their biodegradation. However, from 30% (straw) to 40% (corn stalks) of these plant residues without compromising soil fertility can be used as biofuel, which, however, unlike wood, has a higher ash content and high chlorine and alkali metals, which can be significantly reduce due to prolonged storage of straw in the open air. In addition, straw has a low melting point, so it is recommended to burn it only in a grate. However, despite these shortcomings, the use of crop by-products as fuel can generate profits from the sale of thermal energy, fuel pellets or briquettes, as well as savings from replacing natural gas with biofuel when heating industrial, administrative and cultural facilities. For a farm with an area of approximately 2000 hectares, half of which is used for grain crops, savings and profits can amount to almost 7.5 million UAH/year.

Substantiation of the Impact Interaction of Grain Crop Seeds and Their Damage During Movement on the Surface of the Oscillating Separator’s Cylindrical Screen

“…В роботах щодо наукових, експериментальних, лабораторних і виробничих досліджень [7][8][9][10][11][12], тощо стверджується, що оптимальні витрати енергії, умови екологічного довкілля, забезпечення поживними речовинами, погоднокліматичні фактори мають значний вплив на якість і продуктивність, а зіткнення і ударяння зернівок з робочими поверхнями технічних засобів, кути їх нахилу α більше 15° та оберти, під час технологічного процесу, більше 6 рад. с-1 сприяють збільшенню мікротравмованого насіння і зниженню його якісних показників, особливо схожості, натури, скловидності та ураження Встановлено, що використання решета з отвором комірок діаметром 2,6 мм і швидкості руху насіння по його поверхні 7,7-8,2 м/с та обертання циліндричного решета вібросепаратора до 6 рад.…”