Efficiency of nucleus breeding schemes in dual-purpose cattle of Tanzania

Kasonta, J.S.; Nitter, G.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100004694

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For the Mpwapwa breed, early reports are showing promising results from breeding schemes at research station (Kasonta and Nitter, 1990;DAD-IS, 2013 Constraints and priorities Table 5 shows the unranked main constraints and priorities as reported by the country representatives during the 2009 workshop and in interviews. All countries reported that shortage of trained and skilled personnel in AnBr is the single biggest constraint to development and implementation of AnGR improvement programmes.…”

Section: Conservation and Breeding Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

Zonabend

Okeyo

Ojango

et al. 2013

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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SummaryThe Global Plan of Action (GPA) for Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) adopted by FAO recognizes the role of AnGR for food security through improved productivity while maintaining genetic diversity. A critical issue for conservation and genetic improvement programmes is the availability of supportive infrastructure. The objective of the present study was to assess existing and needed infrastructure for sustainable use of AnGR in a sample of countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. Information was primarily obtained from semistructured interviews with key personnel in animal breeding during country visits. Countries studied are at different stages of development. No complete breeding programmes are in place but some conservation programmes exist in most countries. Except for a few cases, livestock recording as basis for R&D and breeding practice is lacking. The institutional setup to support animal breeding programmes is fragmented and needs to be better integrated. Shortage of skilled personnel is noted as the most serious constraint for development. Countries with least university training in animal breeding have least developed AnGR activities. However, since the GPA was agreed upon, many countries have re-casted their policies and make efforts to develop breeding policies. A change in mindsets aiming at closer collaboration among institutions, farmer involvement and capacity development and strengthening at all levels is suggested.Keywords: breeding programme, livestock recording, policy, human resource, institution Résumé Le Plan d'Action Mondial pour les Ressources Zoogénétiques adopté par la FAO reconnaît le rôle que les Ressources Zoogénétiques jouent dans la garantie de la sécurité alimentaire en améliorant la productivité tout en conservant la diversité génétique. La disponibilité d'une infrastructure de soutien s'avère une question cruciale pour les programmes de conservation et d'amélioration génétique. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'infrastructure existante et celle requise pour l'utilisation durable des Ressources Zoogénétiques dans un échantillon de pays de l'Afrique Méridionale et Orientale. L'information a été essentiellement obtenue au moyen d'interviews semistructurés réalisés, pendant les visites aux pays, à du personnel clé en matière d'élevage. Les pays étudiés se trouvent à différents niveaux de développement. Il n'y a pas de programmes complets d'amélioration génétique en place mais des programmes de conservation existent dans la plupart des pays. À quelques exceptions près, les pays manquent de systèmes d'enregistrement du bétail servant de base à l'exercice de la R&D (recherche et développement) et de l'amélioration génétique. La structure institutionnelle de soutien aux programmes d'amélioration génétique animale est fragmentée, une meilleure intégration de celle-ci étant donc nécessaire. Le manque de personnel qualifié a été identifié comme étant la contrainte la plus grave pour le développement. Les pays avec le moins de formation universitaire en sélection animale son...

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Section: Conservation and Breeding Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

Zonabend

Okeyo

Ojango

et al. 2013

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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“…These make the first foundation upon which initial central nuclei can be established at minimal investment [22]. What is primarily needed is expanding their scale of operation by re-stocking them with adequate stud herds, re-tooling with basic equipments and instituting systematic animal performance recording and evaluation systems to enable objective ranking of animals and selection [39]. Installing such stations with capacity for Artificial Insemination is highly recommended in order to improve selection intensity and speed up genetic gaining [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting Selection Schemes for Indigenous Cattle Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Review

Chasama

Katandukila

Hepelwa

2023

EJFOOD

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Livestock keeping is an important livelihood option in the tropics and cattle play the major role. For sub-Saharan Africa, most of the cattle kept are of indigenous type exhibiting low to medium production coefficients. After realizing low impact with crossbreeding in improving their productivity during the first three quarters of the 20th century, many sub-Saharan Africa countries turned to adoption of selection schemes during the last quarter of the century. However, many countries still haven’t realized active operation of selection schemes for indigenous breeds improvement. Major constraints are unsustainable financing, weak coordination, inadequate policy support and weak technical foundation for animal breeding. Existing infrastructure networks are not supporting extensive operation of selective breeding. Systematized pedigree and performance data recording is lacking in many countries. Important guidelines for streamlining implementation of breeding operations among actors are not in place. Strategies for adapting selection schemes in sub-Saharan Africa should target exploitation of unique potentials of indigenous breeds and focus to the improvement of their productivity while also maintaining their adaptability. From the prevailing conditions, considering immediate transformation to farmer-operated central nuclei is not recommended in structuring the scheme. What is recommended is to start with dispersed village-based group pre-nuclei which are backed by institutional central nuclei. Important strategies in enabling effective operation with such structured schemes include evolving guidelines for implementing selection in terms of defining breeding objectives, increasing involvement of farmers, strengthening coordination of animal breeding, promoting inter-institutional collaboration, and considering some more government financial support.

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“…The use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) (H odges 1988), in vitro fertilization (L eitch et al 1990), and F 1 cloning (S mith 1989) in an open nucleus breeding system has also been recommended for developing countries. However, specific schemes (e. g. K asonta et al 1990) need to be designed individually for a particular situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic genetic analysis of open nucleus breeding schemes for dairy cattle in developing countries

Bondoc

Smith

1993

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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A deterministic model is used to analyze the genetic properties of a two tier dairy cattle open nucleus breeding system proposed in developing countries. Theoretical selection response rates are adjusted to account for the effects of population size and structure, selection disequilibrium, sampling losses, inbreeding, and planning horizon. Optimized nucleus progeny testing, adult or juvenile multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in sib or pedigree testing schemes are used in the nucleus. All sires come from the nucleus. Females in the base herds may be recorded and selected as bull dams or donor cows in the nucleus. The predicted genetic means in the base after a given planning horizon (20 years) for a range of situations studied, is generally highest for adult sib testing, but is higher for nucleus progeny testing than for juvenile pedigree testing schemes. The genetic means are higher with more females in the nucleus and with higher reproductive and embryo transfer success rates. The genetic level of the base is higher with higher fractions of nucleus dams born in the base, but is little affected by the proportion of the total population included in the nucleus. The genetic responses are also reduced when heritability in the base is lower than in the nucleus. Policies on the formation and running of an efficient open nucleus breeding system are discussed. Key words: nucleus breeding schemes, nucleus progeny testing, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer, genetic improvement. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Deterministische genetische Analyse eines offenen Nukleussystems für Milchrinder in Entwicklungsländern Ein deterministisches Modell wurde zur Analyse der genetischen Eigenheiten eines "Zwei-Stufen offenen Nukleuszuchtsystem" für Milchrinder für Entwicklungsländer verwendet. Theoretische Selektionserfolgsraten unter Berücksichtigung der Wirkungen von Populationsgröße und Struktur, Selektionsungleichgewicht, Zufallsschwankungen, Inzucht und Planungszeitraum für optimierte Nukleusnachkommenschaftsprüfung, adulte oder juvenile multiple Ovulation und Embryotransfer mit Geschwister- oder Pedigreeprüfungsplänen werden berechnet. Alle Vatertiere kommen von Nukleus, Muttertiere in den Basisherden z. T. leistungsgeprüft werden als Bullenmütter oder Spenderkühe im Nukleus verwendet. Das für die Basis geschätzte genetische Leistungsniveau eines gegebenen Planungshorizonts (20 Jahre) wird für eine Reihe von Situationen untersucht und ist im allgemeinen am höchsten für adulte Geschwisterprüfungssysteme, aber höher für Nukleusnachkommenschaftsprüfung als für juvenile Pedigreeprüfungspläne. Genetische Fortschritte sind höher, wenn mehr weibliche Tiere im Nukleus und höhere Reproduktions- und Transfererfolgsraten existieren. Das genetische Niveau der Basis ist höher, wenn ein höherer Anteil von Nukleusmuttertieren aus der Basis stammt, aber es wird wenig vom Nukleusanteil der gesamten Population tangiert. Der genetische Fortschritt wird reduziert, wenn Rentabilität in den Basisherden niedriger als im Nukleus ist. Die Strategien zur Bildu...

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Efficiency of nucleus breeding schemes in dual-purpose cattle of Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

Adapting Selection Schemes for Indigenous Cattle Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Review

Deterministic genetic analysis of open nucleus breeding schemes for dairy cattle in developing countries

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