Efficiency of Interventions in HIV Infection, 1994???2004

Costs and cost–effectiveness of HIV community services: quantity and quality of studies published 1986–2011

“…Methods used for this review were similar to those used in previous reviews of published facility-based costing studies [3,14] and cost-effectiveness studies [15] . Articles published between 1986 and 2011 on the costs of community-based services associated with HIV interventions were identifi ed by searching the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, CABI Global Health database, POPLINE, Cochrane library and the WHO regional databases (Africa, eastern Mediterranean, Latin America and the Caribbean, Pan American Health Organization Library and Institutional Memory database, south-east Asia, western Pacifi c, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences).…”

“…Information on the cost of programs or services and their effi ciency constitute important aspects of such strategic information [12,13] . Reviews of facility-based costs studies and cost-effectiveness studies, however, indicated profound limitations of published cost information [3,14,15] . Problems identifi ed included lack of standardized methods used for costing services, affecting the robustness of the analyses and the results obtained, raising serious questions on the quality of many of the reported fi ndings.…”

Assessing the efficiency of mother-to-child HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries using data envelopment analysis

“…Although there is an increasing and highly relevant body of literature on the efficiency and/or effectiveness of specific prevention, treatment and care programmes (see for example, Harling et al [8]), the number of studies assessing and comparing how efficiently different countries are using the available funds to combat the epidemic is very rare. Furthermore, when comparisons are made, these tend to rely on the use of multiple performance indicators or ratios rather than on a single aggregate measure of the overall performance of each country.…”

“…Harling et al [8]), and another that focuses on data aggregated at the country level and uses multiple performance indicators to show the progress that is being made by each country towards HIV prevention (e.g. UNAIDS [1]).…”

Designing the Financial Tools to Promote Universal Access to AIDS Care

“…The main explanation advanced so far to this reluctance to invest is that ARV costs are prohibitive and represent a major crowding out of public resources (Harling et al 2005). For instance, AIDS-related expenditures amounted to already 0.842% of the total expenditures of South Africa in 2004 (Blecher and Thomas 2005).…”