Efficiency of Human Plague Vaccination in Tuvinian Natural Plague Focus

Abstract

Background. Plague is an especially dangerous natural focal infectious disease belonging to a group of quarantine infections. There are eleven natural plague foci in Russian Federation. In Republic Tyva plague endemic territories include Ovyur, Mongun-Taigin and Tes-Hem areas where Y. pestis strains are intermittently isolated from Citellus undulates. Population living at the territory of the natural foci get immunoprophylaxis against plague at complication of epizootic and epidemic conditions.This paper presents the results of monitoring indicators of the immune status of people vaccinated with the plague vaccine living in the territory of the Tuva natural focus.Materials and methods. The study involved 76 volunteers who had not previously been vaccinated. The study included the determination of production IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α by blood cells, titers of specific IgG antibodies to the capsule F1 antigen of the Yersinia pestis, and concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum blood, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes.Results. In the course of a comprehensive immunological study, features of the development of cellular and humoral reactions in people living in the territory of the Tuva natural plague focus were established in the first months after vaccination. Changes in the concentration dynamics of the main classes of immunoglobulins were accompanied by an increase in the level of specific IgGs to the F1 within 6 months after immunization. In the same period, a significant increase in the production of cytokines, as well as significant changes in terms of the subpopulation composition of the vaccinated blood.Conclusion. It is necessary to note the importance of studying of the human immune status in 1–3 months after plague vaccination as this period coincides with potentially dangerous season from epidemiological point of view. Nevertheless, much important role for improvement of tactics of the specific prevention measures plays the data received after the revaccination.

Immunologic monitoring over people vaccinated against plague in caspian sand natural focus in order to assess and manage health risks

“…A detected increase in IgE contents in blood of some volunteers was still within reference values for conditionally healthy donors and didn't correlate with increased IL-4 contents. Increased IgE contents in people who were going to get vaccinated or just after vaccination were also revealed in similar research performed in the Mountain Altai natural plague focus and they were also within reference ranges fixed for conditionally healthy donors [12].…”

“…At the same time, SI for IL-4 grew in all groups but this growth persisted up to the 12 th months in Group 3 only. It should be noted that similar trends in IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 responses were registered in volunteers who got vaccinated for the 1 st time in the Mountain Altai and Tuva Mountain natural plague foci [12,15].…”

Direct Detection of Antibodies to <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Using Glass Microstructural Waveguides as an Express Method for Assessing Seroconversion in Individuals Vaccinated against Plague

“…Анализ данных многолетнего иммунологиче ского мониторинга уровня специфических антител к F1 Y. pestis у привитых против чумы континген тов показал, что фаза стабилизации выработки антител, или стационарный период, в течение ко торого титр специфических антител к F1 Y. pestis остаётся стабильно высоким, составляет 3-6 ме сяцев после вакцинации. В предыдущих работах установлено, что антительный ответ на ВЧЖ ха рактеризуется вариабельностью и регистрируется в широком диапазоне -от 4 до 85% привитых в зависимости от кратности предыдущих вакцина ций [5,6].…”

Immunologic monitoring over people vaccinated against plague in caspian sand natural focus in order to assess and manage health risks

“…Выявленное некоторое увеличение уровня IgЕ в крови отдельных добровольцев не выходило за пределы референсных значений для условно здоровых Т а б л и ц а 1 [12]. В пользу безопасности применения ВЧЖ свидетельствовали и данные об отсутствии после вакцинации увеличения доли лиц со снижением ИРИ через 12 месяцев после очередной вакцинации по отношению к исходному уровню этого показателя у добровольцев до начала вакцинальной кампании.…”

“…В то же время ИС для IL-4 во всех группах несколько повышался, но только в группе 3 повышение сохранялось до 12-го месяца. Стоит отметить, что аналогичная тенденция в реакции IFN-γ, TNF-α и IL-4 была зарегистрирована у впервые вакцинированных добровольцев из Горно-Алтайского высокогорного и Тувинского горного природных очагов чумы [12,15].…”