Efficiency of GnRH–Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Inducing LH Secretion and Fertile Ovulations in Protocols for Artificial Insemination in Rabbit Does

Abstract

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GnRH–ChNPs) were used at different doses and routes of administration to induce ovulation in rabbits as an attempt to improve artificial insemination (AI) procedures and outcomes. In this study, the characteristics (size, polydispersity, loading efficiency, and zeta-potential) of GnRH–ChNPs and the GnRH release pattern were determined in an in vitro study. A first in vivo study assessed the pituitary and ovarian response to different GnRH–ChNPs doses and routes of administration (two i.m. doses, Group HM = 0.4 µg and Group QM = 0.2 µg, and two intravaginal doses, Group HV = 4 µg and Group QV = 2 µg) against a control group (C) receiving bare GnRH (0.8 µg). The HM, QM, and HV treatments induced an earlier LH-surge (90 min) than that observed in group C (120 min), whilst the QV treatment failed to induce such LH surge. The number of ovulation points was similar among treatments, except for the QV treatment (no ovulation points). A second in vivo study was consequently developed to determine the hormonal (progesterone, P4, and estradiol, E2) profile and pregnancy outcomes of both HM and HV treatments against group C. The treatment HM, but not the treatment HV, showed adequate P4 and E2 concentrations, conception and parturition rates, litter size, litter weight, and viability rate at birth. Overall, the use of GnRH–ChNPs allows for a reduction in the conventional intramuscular GnRH dose to half without compromising fertility. However, the addition of GnRH–ChNPs to semen extenders, although successfully inducing ovulation, has negative impacts on fertility. Thus, more studies are needed to explore this point and allow further adjustments.

Impact of Nano-Bromocriptine on Egg Production Performance and Prolactin Expression in Layers

“…The alginate nanocomposites have recently received much attention as drug delivery nanoparticles [14]. It has efficient biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mucoadhesiveness nature making them superior natural polymers that are ready to use as a drug delivery nanocomposite for target tissue [24].…”

“…Nevertheless, due to the low bioavailability of bromocriptine [12], there is a great demand for more convenient, effective, and safe ways for drug delivery. Nano-drug delivery systems could be a promising alternative to extend the half-life time of active principles and to sustain its delivery to the target sites [12][13][14][15][16]. It was found that nanocomposites reduced the dose of the drug and the desired biological activity could be obtained with minimal side effects.…”

Effect of Nanoencapsulated Alginate-Synbiotic on Gut Microflora Balance, Immunity, and Growth Performance of Growing Rabbits

“…Particle size and size distribution (Polydispersity index, PdI) of the free alginate-CaCl 2 nanoparticles and encapsulated synbiotic (Moringa and yeast cells) were measured using a Zetasizer instrument (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK), which is based on dynamic light-scattering techniques [ 18 ]. The encapsulation efficiency (EE, %) was also determined by estimating the encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds in MOLE as an indicator of prebiotic encapsulation and that of SCY cells as an indicator of probiotic encapsulation [ 19 ].…”

Modulation of Bovine Endometrial Cell Receptors and Signaling Pathways as a Nanotherapeutic Exploration against Dairy Cow Postpartum Endometritis

“…There was the dissolution of endometrial tumor cell in endometrial cancer in a polymeric nanoparticle (NP) delivery system, which improves efficacy and safety of the combinatorial strategy [ 154 ] and also the development of a targeted drug delivery system for the uterus utilizing an immunoliposome platform targeting the oxytocin receptor leading to targeted liposomal drug delivery to the myometrium is reduced dose and reduced toxicity to both mother and fetus [ 155 ]. Likewise, Hassanein et al 2021 [ 156 ] reported the fabrication of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–loaded–Chitosan Nanoparticles could allow a reduction in the conventional intramuscular GnRH dose used for AI in rabbits to half without affecting fertility. The combinatorial effect, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles loaded with epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) and doxycycline (Dox) in a single vehicle appears to be promising for treating endometriosis.…”