Efficiency of Energy Harvesting in Ni–Mn–Ga Shape Memory Alloys

Lindquist, Paul; Hobza, Tony; Patrick, Charles L.; Müllner, Peter

doi:10.1007/s40830-018-0158-z

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The maximum electrical work density per cycle, W electrical−max , was calculated using P peak and equation ( 8) from appendix A. The maximum mechanical work density per cycle, W mechanical−max , input into the MSMA power harvester is the area under the stress vs. strain curve at peak voltage [22]. Figure 9 shows the stress vs. strain plots for the 0.60 T resultant field magnitude and 0 • and 7.51 • resultant field angle cases, at 15 Hz frequency.…”

Section: Efficiency Analysis For Comparison With Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanical work density per cycle, W mechanical , is calculated by integrating the area under the stress vs. strain curve at peak voltage [22], and is given by and obtained a maximum change in magnetic flux density of 1.12 T. Based on the magnetization curves of the samples we used (see figure 10), a change in magnetic flux density of 1.12 T corresponds to a change in magnetization of 891 268 A m −1 . This change in magnetization is significantly higher than the saturation magnetization of the material, which is 540 000 A m −1 .…”

Section: Recommendations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

D’Silva¹,

Feigenbaum²,

Ciocanel³

2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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The martensite variant reorientation in Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) causes a change in their bulk magnetization, that can be harvested into useful voltage/power by means of a pick-up coil. The coil may be placed directly surrounding an MSMA element or to the side of the MSMA element wrapped around a magnetic core. This paper reports new power harvesting data generated with a bi-axial magnetic field and a surrounding coil and full strain field data for an MSMA subject to load similar to what is seen during power harvesting, then compares the performance of MSMA-based power harvesters with different designs to determine which give the best output. For this comparison, we provide a framework for evaluating the performance of MSMA-based power harvesters reported in the literature. This framework involves normalizing the results to the design characteristics of the respective harvesters, i.e. number of turns of the pickup coil, cross-sectional area of the pickup coil, frequency of excitation, and sample size, to allow for a direct comparison of power harvesters’ output. Results show that power harvesting with the bi-axial field and a surrounding coil does not generate as much power as previously thought. The strain maps reveal the potential for perpendicular twin boundaries that block each other’s motion limiting variant reorientation and correspondingly the harvester’s power output. The paper concludes that the largest change in magnetic flux density, which is the driver for power harvesting, occurs in the side coil setup with an optimized magnetic circuit and it recommends using this configuration for future MSMA-based power harvester designs for maximum power output.

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Section: Efficiency Analysis For Comparison With Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recommendations and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

D’Silva¹,

Feigenbaum²,

Ciocanel³

2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…Since fine-grained randomly structured Ni-Mn-Ga polycrystal contains grain boundaries that can greatly impede twin boundary motion, large MFIS is almost solely found in oriented single crystals [4][5][6]. Properties of MSM alloys make them attractive for use in High-speed actuators [7], microfluid pumps [8,9], mechanical dampeners [10], and energy harvesters [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of machining parameters on Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys for fabrication of multifunctional micro devices using femtosecond pulse width laser

Kumthekar,

Laitinen,

Ullakko

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Ni-Mn-Ga-based magnetic shape memory (MSM) alloy single crystals are known for their large magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS). This quality makes them a promising material for use in micro actuators and devices. However, the manufacturing of single-crystal-based Ni-Mn-Ga micro actuators is challenging due to their high brittleness and other material properties – numerous machining techniques that are successfully used for the deep engraving of conventional engineering materials cannot be directly applied to Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that a femtosecond pulse width laser (FPWL) can be successfully utilized for the defect-free micromachining various materials. This work studies the effects of different engraving parameters and introduces a novel scanning-based method for the deep micromachining of Ni-Mn-Ga-based MSM alloys with maximum surface quality. Results show that a 4-layer strategy with a 0.01 mm hatch distance provides excellent machining in terms of surface quality and dimensional accuracy. This study can be utilized within design stages to estimate minimum margin based on required machined depth and avoid defects that occur in the sample preparation stage. Additionally, evolution of structures generated by FPWL machining are characterized. The results highlight how FPWL can be considered a highly capable process for the micromachining and surface structuring of Ni-Mn-Ga-based single crystals for manufacturing multifunctional MSM microdevices.

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“…Nonetheless, not only large MFIS but also other effects related to MIR are relevant such as magnetically assisted superelasticity [15e18] or strain-induced change of magnetization [19e21]. The spectrum of magnetomechanical effects observed makes the material promising for applications such as magnetic sensors, low power magnetic actuators [22], magnetic dumpers, energy harvesting devices [23], microactuators [24] and even magnetomechanical memories [25]. A microfluidic pump is a distinct interesting example of innovative practical use of MSM material exhibiting localized MIR [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Coercivity Control by Heat Treatment in Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga(-B) Single Crystals

et al. 2019

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The combination of enlarged magnetic coercivity and magnetic shape memory (MSM) functionality is essential for novel magnetomechanical effects in MSM alloys. We found that increasing the density of thermal antiphase boundaries (APBs) provides a method to increase the magnetic coercivity without deteriorating the MSM functionality. APB density was controlled by different heat treatments in NieMn eGa (eB) MSM single crystals with five-layered modulated martensite structure. Slow cooling~1 K/min of NieMneGa through the B2 0 eL2 1 transition resulted in a low density ( < 1/micrometer) of APBs observed by magnetic force microscopy and low coercivity <2 mT. Water quenching resulted in fine magnetic and APB patterns and enlarged the coercivity to 24 mT at room temperature, and this further increased with decreasing temperature up to 41 mT at 10 K. The analysis of magnetization approach to saturation indicated the antiferromagnetic character of APBs on which the magnetic domain walls were pinned. Despite the one to two order increase of coercivity, the twinning stress remained low, between 0.7 and 1.4 MPa, and about 6% MSM effect was observed. The best ratio between coercivity and twinning stress (17 mT/0.7 MPa) was obtained for the sample quenched in air. Contrary to previous reports, 100 ppm B doping of NieMneGa had no or weak effect on the magnetic coercivity. Instead, the major effect originated from the high density of antiphase boundaries.

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Efficiency of Energy Harvesting in Ni–Mn–Ga Shape Memory Alloys

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

Effects of machining parameters on Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys for fabrication of multifunctional micro devices using femtosecond pulse width laser

Magnetic Coercivity Control by Heat Treatment in Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga(-B) Single Crystals

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Efficiency of Energy Harvesting in Ni–Mn–Ga Shape Memory Alloys

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

On the power and efficiency of Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

On the power and efficiency of Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

Effects of machining parameters on Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys for fabrication of multifunctional micro devices using femtosecond pulse width laser

Magnetic Coercivity Control by Heat Treatment in Heusler Ni-Mn-Ga(-B) Single Crystals

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On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters

On the power and efficiency of Ni₂MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy power harvesters