Efficiency of DNA-histone crosslinking induced by saturated and unsaturated aldehydes in vitro

Incision of DNA–protein crosslinks by UvrABC nuclease suggests a potential repair pathway involving nucleotide excision repair

“…An age-related accumulation of DPCs has also been observed in mouse organs (2), supporting the hypothesis that oxidative mechanisms contribute to the formation of these DNA damages (2,3). DPC levels increase dramatically upon exposure to a variety of physical or chemical agents, including UV light (4), ionizing radiation (5), ␤-propiolactone (6), aldehydes (1,(7)(8)(9), arsenite (10), ferric nitrilotriacetate (11), chromate (12), nickel (13), and others. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin (12,14), bisplatinum (15), and neocarcinostatin (16), have also been shown to induce DPC formation.…”

“…Many endogenous compounds (e.g., metabolites of lipid peroxidation) as well as environmental agents are reactive with both DNA and proteins and thus can produce covalent linkage between these two types of macromolecules (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) represent a relatively abundant form of DNA damage as evidenced by data indicating that the background level of DPCs in human white blood cells ranged from 0.5 to 4.5 per 10 7 bases (1).…”

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

“…In addition, the reactions described above can also cause crosslinking of the genome and proteins [25], which blocks genome reading [27].…”

“…Dimer formation leads to pressure and breakage of the sugar backbone causing a block of genome reading Works more slowly, ultraviolet light also causes structural modifications of the capsid proteins resulting in the formation of large and small photoproducts [89,90] [ 90,94] Review Pollock et al (1982) DNA ( Appaiahgari et al Review functionalities [25,26], which prevents the transcriptional machinery from reaching the genome [27].…”

Assessing the functionality of viral entry-associated domains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during inactivation procedures, a potential tool to optimize inactivated vaccines

“…Then the cells were fixed with methanol at À20°C and stained as described by Delputte et al [15]. Briefly, the capsid protein was stained with a primary antibody P3/27 [64] and a secondary antibody FITC-conjugated goat [20,27,32], causing a block of genome reading [49] Cross-linking of proteins by formation of inter-and intramolecular methylene bridges between hydroxymethylated amines [22] Glutaraldehyde Cross-linker Cross-linking of proteins by the same mechanism as formaldehyde described above [8] AT-2 Cross-linker Cross-linking of proteins by oxidation of S-H groups causing formation of S-S bridges which results in a covalent modification and functional inactivation of S-H-containing internal viral proteins [7] pH Denaturation agent Denaturation of proteins, the conformation of spike proteins of coronaviruses for example enables fusion of the virus with the host cell by changes to a pH of 8 [62] Temperature Denaturation agent A high temperature denaturates proteins. As a result, the conformation of viral proteins that are involved in attachment and replication in a host cell may have changed [31,56] Gamma irradiation Radiation Viruses are inactivated primarily by direct damage, via disruption of the genome [24] Formation of free radicals which damage proteins [24] UV light Radiation Induction of dimer formation between adjacent uracils in RNA [40,57].…”