Efficiency of Composite Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Liver Malignancies

Abstract

The utility of the markers CEA, beta-HCG, CA-50, alpha-fetoprotein (APF), ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), its isoenzyme liver-1 (APL1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (gGT), its fast migrating isoenzyme (gGT1) and 5'nucleotidase (5'N) in differentiating liver malignancies and benign involvement was evaluated in the sera of 85 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 157 with chronic liver disease (CLD) and 91 with liver metastases (LM) derived from different tumors. The mean concentrations of all the parameters except CEA and GGT1 were significantly different in HCC and CLD, but a broad overlap existed in the two groups, so different cut-offs were considered to assess the positive and negative predictive values and test efficiency (Eff). The best results were observed considering AFP greater than 100 IU/m (Eff0.86), ferritin greater than 800 ng/ml (Eff0.69), CA-50 greater than 100 U/ml (Eff 0.63), beta-HCG greater than 10 mU/ml (Eff 0.61), AP greater than 300 IU/ml (Eff 0.66), the presence of APL1 (Eff 0.78), 5'N greater than 25 mU/ml (Eff 0.70), gGT greater than 100 mIU/ml (Eff 0.63). Among HCC patients 17% did not secrete AFP; in 26% the protein was less than 100 IU/ml and in 36% less than 400 IU/ml. Apart from AFP the most effective marker was APL1. At the above cut-offs more than three parameters were simultaneously positive in 71% of HCC and 9.9% of CLD. CEA, CA50, AFP were the only parameters that distinguished the HCC from the LM group; in the latter, APL1 was also a very sensitive marker (87%) for neoplastic involvement of the liver.

Hdac3 Is Essential for the Maintenance of Chromatin Structure and Genome Stability

“…S4), which is also consistent with the activation of a DNA damage response (Rokhlin et al, 2008). In addition, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression markers, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 (Pavesi et al, 1989) and insulin-like growth factor II (Qiu et al, 2008) were up-regulated in the microarray analysis of Alb-Cre:Hdac3 −/− livers by 2.2- and 2.7-fold respectively (Knutson et al, 2008). These data, coupled with the observed genomic instability, prompted us to age cohorts of 20 control and 20 Alb-Cre:Hdac3 −/− mice.…”

Untitled

“…In this study it was observed that GGT1 was significantly expressed in breast cancer when compared with the control. The expression of tumor tissue GGT1 has also been shown in various cancers such as prostate (Kawakami et al 2017), epithelial (Lukic et al 2016), lung (Hino et al 2016), colorectal (Palaniappan et al 2016), overian (Mahata 2006), liver (Pavesi et al 1989), and breast (Banneau et al 2010).…”