Efficiency in Performing Basic Tasks Using Word Processing Programs by the Elderly as a Measure of the Ergonomic Quality of Software

Hankiewicz, Krzysztof; Butlewski, Marcin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07233-3_44

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on our reference solutions, carrying out these first level modifications (Hankiewicz and Butlewski, 2014) -typing two words and changing the font size in a short paragraph -takes about five times longer in the erroneous documents than in the properly formatted versions (section "1.5. Error recognition model").…”

Section: The Evaluation Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have decided to investigate this problem with a different approach: studying the input activities of the end-users in digital texts of various error-levels. Our hypothesis is that both creating and updating a properly structured text (Csernoch, 2009(Csernoch, , 2017 require significantly fewer atomic end-user actions -defined as first level tasks in Hankiewicz and Butlewski (2014) -than editing an erroneous form of the same content with identical or very similar printed appearance. Consequently, when end-user activities do not need to include anything other than entering the intended content, both human and computer resources can be used more economically.…”

Section: Detecting End-user Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-testing erroneous text-based documents: Logging end-user activities

Nagy

Csernoch²

2023

Front. Educ.

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An extremely high number of erroneous text-based documents are in circulation, being multiplied, serving as samples both in the office world and in education. Creating, editing, and modifying these documents generates a serious financial loss when both human and machine resources are considered. Our research team developed an application and a testing method for building up an objective measurement system, in order to see the rate of loss in the handling of erroneous documents. In the pre-testing period, the error factor of a sample text was set up based on the logged activities of an expert researcher. It was found that first level modifications require about five times more human and machine resources in a short, one-paragraph text burdened with layout errors than in its properly formatted version. Further testing is required to find out how demanding longer texts and more serious modifications are, but it is already obvious that erroneous text-editing, and the lack of fundamental computational thinking skills involve unnecessary use of our resources.

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Section: The Evaluation Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detecting End-user Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-testing erroneous text-based documents: Logging end-user activities

Nagy

Csernoch²

2023

Front. Educ.

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“…However, to compare the erroneous and the correct documents, and to calculate the entropy of the tasks applied to both [12] [136] [137], a fourth phase was executed during the research project. At this stage, first level modifications were applied to the texts, where typing and copying took place [139].…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Centered Digital Sustainability: Handling Enumerated Lists in Digital Texts

Csernoch,

Nagy,

Nagy

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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In advance to the present study, the authors introduced a method which makes it possible to calculate the entropy of natural language digital texts, focusing on word-processed texts, presentations, and webpages. This entropy reveals that the more underdeveloped documents are, the more demanding their content-related modification becomes. It was also found that the time and data required to complete a modification task in an erroneous document is several times more than e in its correct counterpart. This finding leads to the end-user paradox: the less trained end-users are, the more errors they make, and the modification of their documents requires more resources. To resolve these discrepancies, the present study defines the sustainability rate of natural language digital texts which calculates the lossesthe waste of human resources, time, workspace, computers, energy, frustration, working in bees, losing datagenerated by negligent text management. Furthermore, we present examples of how manual and enumerated lists behave to modifications in a 213-page long document and conclude from our investigations that while the waste of human and machine resources occurs repeatedly in erroneous documents, the sustainability rate remains low. To prove the necessity of correction, we cleared the sample document, which took approximately 67 hours of two experts of our research group (2 × 67 hours). With this method, we found that the correction of errors can be extremely demanding, but uses resources only once, and further modifications in the now correct document need only the content-required amount of time, activities, entropy, and resources, in accordance with the expectations of the person intended to update the document. To correct documents, we present the Error Recognition Model, which is proved effective and efficient in digital education. All our findings indicate that both education and industry should adapt the presented approach (1) to develop students' and end-users' computational thinking skills, (2) to manage and take advantage of errors, (3) to recognize connections between the structure of the text and the complex word processing tools, (4) to pay attention to digital sustainabilitybeyond hardware and software development and recyclingwith a focus on the human factor. Recently, the Error Recognition Model is a reactive problem-solving approach, whose effectiveness is justified. However, the near future is to run parallel the reactive and proactive uses of this approach, while if we look far into the future, the proactive use to digital born natural language texts should dominate.

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Efficiency in Performing Basic Tasks Using Word Processing Programs by the Elderly as a Measure of the Ergonomic Quality of Software

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Pre-testing erroneous text-based documents: Logging end-user activities

Pre-testing erroneous text-based documents: Logging end-user activities

Human-Centered Digital Sustainability: Handling Enumerated Lists in Digital Texts

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