Efficiency<i>vs.</i>stability: dopant-free hole transporting materials towards stabilized perovskite solar cells

Rakštys, Kasparas; Igci, Cansu; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

doi:10.1039/c9sc01184f

Cited by 202 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…HTM is essential for hole extraction, transportation, and electron blocking, further preventing from recombination if well‐aligned highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are achieved. [ 11,12 ] With this intention, several p‐type materials of different categories (organic small molecules, inorganic molecules, and polymeric materials) [ 13–16 ] have been extensively investigated with the aim of achieving high efficiency, improved stability, and cost effectiveness. Among them, spiro‐OMeTAD has demonstrated well‐aligned HOMO level with the valence band (VB) of the perovskite, high solubility in organic solvents, and high homogeneity of its thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D–π–A‐Type Triazatruxene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Three donor–π‐bridge–acceptor (D–π–A)‐type organic small molecules coded CI‐B1, CI‐B2, and CI‐B3 are designed, synthesized, and used as dopant‐free hole transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The strong electron‐donating triazatruxene central core (D), terthiophene conjugated arms (π), and three different strong electron‐accepting units (A) provide high intramolecular charge transfer nature and eliminate the need of dopants during the fabrication of PSCs. HTMs are investigated to understand the effect of terminal functional groups on the PSC performance. Interestingly, due to the change of end‐capping, three different organizations of self‐assembly with π–π stacking are observed in the solid thin films. Dopant‐free CI‐B1, CI‐B2, CI‐B3, and spiro‐OMeTAD with dopants are used with triple cation perovskite composition Cs0.1(MA0.15FA0.85)0.9Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (MA: CH3NH3+, FA: NHCHNH3+) in n‐i‐p architecture. The cells prepared with CI‐B3 not only exhibits a comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.54% to the state‐of‐art of spiro‐OMeTAD with dopants (18.02%), but also demonstrates improved long‐term stability, maintaining 88% of its original PCE after 1000 h of illumination. The superior photovoltaic performance, synthetic simplicity, dopant‐free nature, high durability, and edge‐on molecular orientation of CI‐B3 show its great promise as a HTM candidate for efficient and stable PSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D–π–A‐Type Triazatruxene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…[153] More detailed discussion can be referred to several recent reviews on dopant-free HTLs. [148,154,155] Other stable and high-shielding organic-inorganic hybrid HTLs have also been developed to achieve high efficiency and long-term stability of PSCs. For example, Habisreutinger et al developed a composite HTL with hydrophobic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs)/P3HT embedded in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix to improve the thermal and moisture stability of PSCs (Figure 5f).…”

Section: Organic Ctls As Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability

Zhang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade and their power conversion efficiency has been rapidly increasing to 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized solar cells. Currently, the long‐term stability of PSCs remains as a major bottleneck impeding their future commercial applications. Beyond strengthening the perovskite layer itself and developing robust external device encapsulation/packaging technology, integration of effective barriers into PSCs has been recognized to be of equal importance to improve the whole device’s long‐term stability. These barriers can not only shield the critical perovskite layer and other functional layers from external detrimental factors such as heat, light, and H2O/O2, but also prevent the undesired ion/molecular diffusion/volatilization from perovskite. In addition, some delicate barrier designs can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability. In this review article, the research progress on barrier designs in PSCs for improving their long‐term stability is reviewed in terms of the barrier functions, locations in PSCs, and material characteristics. Regarding specific barriers, their preparation methods, chemical/photoelectronic/mechanical properties, and their role in device stability, are further discussed. On the basis of these accumulative efforts, predictions for the further development of effective barriers in PSCs are provided at the end of this review.

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“…Although many well discussed reviews on dopant-free organic HTMs have been published, [66][67][68][69] the review here will specially center on these highly efficient small molecular HTMs (SM-HTMs) with PCEs of over 15% based on the classification of their molecular structures, which is quite different from the previous ones mainly cataloging the HTMs according to their device configurations. In this review, we will first investigate the properties of the solution processed dopantfree SM-HTMs and their relation to the molecular structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Solution‐Processable Dopant‐Free Small Molecules as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on conventional hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of typical inorganic solar cells; however, the dopants used to increase the hole mobility or the film‐forming ability impart these devices with a poor long‐term stability, blocking the industrial commercialization of PSCs. As an alternative, HTMs without any dopants are explored. Herein, dopant‐free small molecular HTMs (SM‐HTMs) are reviewed and the performance based on the analyses of their molecular structures are evaluated. A summary of the designing principle and an outlook of the development of highly efficient SM‐HTMs are presented.

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Efficiencyvs.stability: dopant-free hole transporting materials towards stabilized perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Doping of hole transporting materials typically increases the efficiency of perovskite solar cells but remains questionable for overall device stability.

Cited by 202 publications

References 169 publications

D–π–A‐Type Triazatruxene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

D–π–A‐Type Triazatruxene‐Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability

A Review on Solution‐Processable Dopant‐Free Small Molecules as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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