Efficiency Comparison of Electric Wheel Loader Powertrains with Dual Motor Input in Distributed Driving Modes

Fei, Xiaotao; Han, Yunwu; Wong, Shaw Voon; Azman, Muhammad Amin

doi:10.3390/wevj14100298

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The torque distribution control method is straightforward, evenly distributing torque to both front and rear motors during running and shoveling. Previous research has presented the acquired data and conducted characteristics analyses [21,22].…”

Section: Design Methodology Of New Ewlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous research [21,22], the authors analyzed the drive characteristics of the EWL and designed a series of experiments of the EWL traveling in five position states of the front wheels of the loader.…”

Section: Hydraulic Characteristics Of Working Unit 231 Running Condit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, as stated in [22], recommendations are made to optimize motor usage, with a smaller motor designated for the front wheel and a larger one for the rear, supplemented by torque adjustments as needed. During EWL operations, the rear motor can function as the primary drive motor in running conditions, while the front motor can assume this role in shoveling tasks.…”

Section: Torque Distribution Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Figures 18,20,22,and 24, the motor speed is multiplied by the corresponding gear ratio without accounting for the mechanical efficiency and the differential speed between the coaxial wheels. This calculation is performed to generate a wheel speed curve, facilitating the comparison of tire slippage.…”

Section: Tire Slipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Testing of Innovative Type of Dual-Motor Drive Electric Wheel Loader

Fei,

Han,

Wong

et al. 2024

Energies

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The electric wheel loader is a new prototype in powertrains and drivetrains that saves energy consumption and diminishes emissions as earthmoving machinery. Dual-motor drive in the front and rear axles of electric wheel loaders helps the distribution of drive torque. However, challenges arise during shoveling conditions, particularly when one motor generates torque exceeding the ground’s adhesion force, leading to tire slippage. This study thoroughly examines the mechanical structure of the working unit and elucidates the correlation between wheel load and hydraulic pressure in the base chamber of the tilt cylinder. This analysis is accomplished through a combination of theoretical derivations and experimental tests. The experiments involve a 5 ton rated load electric wheel loader tested across five running cases as well as weighing tests on a 15 ton rated load electric wheel loader. Based on the experiment discoveries, a dual-motor drive electric wheel loader is designed with specific transmission ratios for the front and rear drivetrains, and a torque distribution strategy is proposed based on wheel load during shoveling. Running condition tests demonstrate sufficient drive force for the new electric wheel loader, and shoveling tests reveal a significant reduction in tire slippage when employing the proposed torque distribution strategy compared to evenly distributed torque in the front and rear axles. Moreover, the driving force during the shoveling process remains undiminished. This indicates that the newly designed loader, in conjunction with the proposed strategy, exhibits excellent shoveling efficiency.

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Section: Design Methodology Of New Ewlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydraulic Characteristics Of Working Unit 231 Running Condit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torque Distribution Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tire Slipmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Testing of Innovative Type of Dual-Motor Drive Electric Wheel Loader

Fei,

Han,

Wong

et al. 2024

Energies

Self Cite

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“…Fei, X. et al examined the energy consumption efficiency of DEWLs across three propulsion modes: front motor drive, rear motor drive, and dual-motor drive. Their analysis considered the variation in drive force demand resulting from bucket landing [14]. Cai, S. et al proposed a comprehensive automatic shifting control strategy that balances both power and economy, achieving ideal power performance and energy-saving effects [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Saving Impact and Optimized Control Scheme of Vertical Load on Distributed Electric Wheel Loader

Shen,

Han,

Fei

et al. 2024

WEVJ

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During the operation of a wheel loader, the external load acting on the bucket undergoes many changes, resulting in significant changes in the load ratio on the front and rear axles. For this reason, controlling a standard wheel loader is not trivial. In addition, in the case of a distributed electric wheel loader (DEWL), the operating control algorithm is often complex and is, therefore, the subject of optimization studies. This study compared the electric power consumption across different vertical loads, speeds, and travel directions for single-front, single-rear, and dual-motor configurations, both during transporting and pre-shoveling operations. The analysis led to the development of control rules based on energy-saving objectives. Under the shoveling condition, it was observed that vertical loads can lead to an insufficient driving force and skidding, necessitating the proposal of a new optimized control scheme. The results revealed that the optimal solution for transporting is the single-motor drive control scheme without a mechanical connection between the front and rear motor. With the single-motor control scheme, comparing the preferred controlled motor with the unselected motor under different loads, the average electrical power savings for forward, backward, and circling were at least 3.51%, 3.12%, and 0.34%, respectively. Under the pre-shoveling condition, the optimal control scheme was identified as the single rear motor control scheme, effectively reducing electrical power consumption. In response to the issues encountered during the shoveling condition, an economical solution involving the modification of the front axle transmission ratio has been proposed, along with an optimized control scheme based on vertical load variations.

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