Efficacy trial on the purified compounds of the seeds of Carica papaya for male contraception in albino rat

Lohiya, N. K.; Mishra, Pradyumna Kumar; Pathak, Neelam; Manivannan, B.; Bhande, Satish S.; Subbarayalu, Panneerdoss; Seshadri, Sriram

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.11.015

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, despite species variation (that is, sperm motility inhibition in rats, and azoospermia in rabbits and langur monkeys [15][16][17]), it has been observed that the chloroform extract, the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract and its methanol and ethyl acetate subfractions exerted 100% reversible contraceptive efficacy without side effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main aim of this investigation was to ascertain the safety and mechanism of action of long-term treatment with MSF-specifically, whether the effect of MSF is a simple cytotoxic effect on the germ cells or is mediated by other factors, such as Sertoli cells, on the basis of the evidence obtained from earlier investigations after short-term treatment with C. papaya seed products [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Such experiments would establish C. papaya seeds as a potent male contraceptive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…papaya have been well recognized to possess compounds that putatively control fertility. A preclinical, short-term evaluation through a series of experiments using various extraction procedures of the seeds of C. papaya revealed spermatogenic arrest, leading to azoospermia or total inhibition of sperm motility in rats, rabbits and langur monkeys [6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The methanol subfraction (MSF) of the benzene chromatographic fraction of the chloroform extract of C. papaya seeds has been identified as a putative candidate for male contraception [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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The contraceptive efficacy of Carica papaya seeds after short-term evaluation has been well established. We have examined the safety and mechanism of contraception in rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction (MSF) of C. papaya seeds. The test substance was administered orally to the male albino rats (n = 40) at 50 mg per kg body weight each day for 360 days. Control animals (n = 40) received olive oil as a vehicle. Recovery was assessed up to 120 days after treatment withdrawal. Sperm parameters, serum testosterone levels, fertility, histology and ultrastructure of the testis, haematology and serum clinical chemistry were evaluated to establish the safety and efficacy of the test substance. Safety of long-term treatment was evidenced by unaltered health status, organ weight, haematology and clinical chemistry, and by an increase in body weight. The mechanism of contraception was shown by reduction in nuclear and cytoplasmic volume, normal nuclear characteristics and vacuolization in the cytoplasmic organelles of the Sertoli cells, as well as nuclear degeneration in spermatocytes and spermatids indicating disturbed spermatogenesis. Leydig cells were normal. Initial effects were observed in Sertoli cells at 60 days of treatment. Spermatocytes and spermatids were affected after 120-240 days of treatment. A significant decline in sperm count and viability, total inhibition of sperm motility, increased numbers of sperm abnormalities, normal serum testosterone levels and 100% sterility were evident after 60 days of treatment. All the altered parameters, including percent fertility, were restored to control level 120 days after treatment withdrawal. It is concluded that the MSF is safe for long-term treatment and the mechanism of contraception is shown by its effect on spermatid differentiation in the testis, possibly mediated by the Sertoli cell factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Manivannan

Mittal²,

Goyal³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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“…Aqueous extracts of leaves and seeds are known to have antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [10], and aqueous and organic extracts of seeds have antihelminthic activity against Caenorhabditis elegans [11,12]. Alcoholic extracts of the epicarp, endocarp, roots and seeds from ripe and unripe papaya fruit have antidiarrheic, antidysenteric and antibacterial properties [9,13,14], and aqueous extracts of seeds have contraceptive effects in male albino rats [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity in Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol Leaves and Seeds

Chávez-Quintal¹,

González-Flores²,

Rodríguez‐Buenfil³

et al. 2011

Indian J Microbiol

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Bioactive compounds from vegetal sources are a potential source of natural antifungic. An ethanol extraction was used to obtain bioactive compounds from Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol leaves and seeds of discarded ripe and unripe fruit. Both, extraction time and the papaya tissue flour:organic solvent ratio significantly affected yield, with the longest time and highest flour:solvent ratio producing the highest yield. The effect of time on extraction efficiency was confirmed by qualitative identification of the compounds present in the lowest and highest yield extracts. Analysis of the leaf extract with phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes. Antifungal effectiveness was determined by challenging the extracts (LE, SRE, SUE) from the best extraction treatment against three phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium spp. and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The leaf extract exhibited the broadest action spectrum. The MIC(50) for the leaf extract was 0.625 mg ml(-1) for Fusarium spp. and >10 mg ml(-1) for C. gloeosporioides, both equal to approximately 20% mycelial growth inhibition. Ethanolic extracts from Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol leaves are a potential source of secondary metabolites with antifungal properties.

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“…The impaired germ cell structure and function of spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa [34][35] , may be the reason as they were not utilized for spermatogenesis. In epididymis, as duct tissue the elevated carbohydrate indicates sperm anomalies due to both administrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJPSR

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Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpinoid compound, the major constituents of the Tulsi leaves, has been suggested to possess antifertility effect in rats of both sexes. This study has attempted to investigate the anti-fertility potentials of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract and ursolic acid in male albino rats. Three groups of male albino rats were taken, first group as control, second group were administered with Ocimum sanctum leaf extract and third group with ursolic acid. The administrations of OS and UA bring the alterations in carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and lipid composition which leads to changes in functional quality of spermatozoa. The reduced lipid in seminal vesicle and prostate represents the lowered lipid metabolism and lipogenesis, suggesting some alterations in the chemical composition of the seminal plasma and prostatic fluids. The elevated glucose levels in testes and epidydimis due to the decreased uptake by the spermatogenic cells in OS and UA administered rats. The administrations may mediate the up regulation of the G6PDH with increased production of ribose-5-phosphate which enhances DNA synthesis and thus increased cell proliferation of the hepatocytes. Besides the up regulation of G6PDH that was observed in the liver in this experiment, it can be suggested that in the administration of O. sanctum, carbohydrates are facilitated more along the hexose monophosphate pathway.

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Efficacy trial on the purified compounds of the seeds of Carica papaya for male contraception in albino rat

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Sperm characteristics and ultrastructure of testes of rats after long-term treatment with the methanol subfraction of Carica papaya seeds

Antifungal Activity in Ethanolic Extracts of Carica papaya L. cv. Maradol Leaves and Seeds

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