Efficacy Test of Trichoben Vaccine Administered to Calves at Different Intervals between Vaccination and Re-Vaccination

Abstract

The aim of the study was to test a possible extension of the period between vaccination and revaccination with the live Trichoben vaccine (Bioveta, a.s., Czech Republic). The calves (n = 61) were vaccinated intramuscularly. The intervals between vaccination and re-vaccination were 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 or 28 days. Another group of calves (n = 16) was vaccinated once with a double dose of the vaccine. The protective immunity against experimental infection with a virulent Trichophyton verrucosum CCM F-650 strain was investigated in animals one month after the last vaccination and compared with a group of non-vaccinated controls (n = 16). Clinical results were evaluated and compared using balanced two-way-ANOVA. The level of post-vaccination immunity in cattle after re-vaccination was sufficient when the intervals were 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days. One-time injection of a double prophylactic dose of the vaccine and a 3-day interval between vaccinations reduced the immunity and vaccine efficacy to an unsatisfactory degree. There were significant differences between the groups of calves vaccinated using an interval longer than 5 days, and the group vaccinated once with a double dose, and the group with a 3-day interval between vaccinations. The level of post-vaccination immunity in cattle after re-vaccination at the commonly used interval of 10 -14 days was identical with the immunity achieved when the interval was reduced to 5 or 7 days or extended up to 28 days. The extension of the interval between vaccinations to 5 -28 days is recommended for using the Trichoben vaccine in veterinary practice.

Application of genotyping methods in the investigation of sources of dermatophytosis associated with vaccination in cattle

“…Although post‐vaccine clinical signs resemble virulent dermatophytosis, it is considered that these lesions are harmless but not contagious and self‐limiting, disappearing after 2–4 weeks (Lund & Deboer, 2008). Other virulence properties are assumed to stimulate the protective immune response to the vaccine (Lund & Deboer, 2008; Rybnikář et al, 2008; Wawrzkiewicz & Wawrzkiewicz, 1992). Gudding and Lund (1995) have suggested that mimicking natural infection leads to development of fully protective immunity, and cell‐mediated immune response is crucial for acquisition of sufficient immunity against ringworm.…”

“…Furthermore, it has been found that a single dose of the vaccine is not sufficient for the development of satisfactory immunity against trichophytosis (Rybnikář et al, 2008) . Double administration of preparations has to be recommended to obtain convenient vaccine efficacy, and the preferable interval between vaccination and re‐vaccination ranges from 10–14 days in most registered antimycotic vaccines (Lund et al, 2014; Rybnikář et al, 1998; Rybnikář et al, 2008; Wawrzkiewicz & Wawrzkiewicz, 1992). In addition, if calves are given the first dose at the age of 2–4 weeks, protective immunity will develop 6 to 8 weeks later (Wawrzkiewicz & Wawrzkiewicz, 1992).…”

“…However, they have short storability and can revert to virulent forms; therefore, they may constitute some danger of infection to individuals with immunological defects (Aamodt et al, 1982; Lund et al, 2014; Polyakov & Ivanova, 2005; Seyfarth et al, 2011; Wawrzkiewicz & Wawrzkiewicz, 1992; Zahran, Attia Abdeen, & Zahran, 2013). Tests on the activity of the vaccine have been carried out on guinea pigs and calves in strictly controlled conditions and on cattle in field conditions to assess not only its prophylactic but also therapeutic value (Lund et al, 2014; Rybnikář, Obořilová, & Hedbávný, 2008; Wawrzkiewicz & Wawrzkiewicz, 1992).…”

Real-Time PCR as an Alternative Technique for Detection of Dermatophytes in Cattle Herds

“…In each of these cases, the vaccination was related to T. verrucosum dermatophytosis, although the acquired immunity was extended to trichophytoses with a different etiology [11]. Repeated administration of inactivated or attenuated preparations with a preferable 10 to 14 days interval is recommended to obtain the highest vaccine efficacy [5,11,19,20]. Interestingly, experience from natural outbreaks of ringworm in cattle has proven that the immunity is long-lasting [5,19] and that re-vaccination is not necessary [21].…”