Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: A phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first-line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC)

HtrA1, a potential predictor of response to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in gastric cancer

“…Recently, the addition of trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed drug, to standard chemotherapy has allowed patients to live longer than patients receiving chemotherapy alone. 35 The Phase III ToGA trial enrolled 594 patients whose tumours showed elevated levels of the protein HER2. Patients who received trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (CDDP and capecitabine or 5-FU) had a median survival of 13.8 months, compared with 11.1 months for those who received chemotherapy alone.…”

Rapamycin and Thalidomide Treatment of a Patient with Refractory Metastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report

“…Rapamycin is known to upregulate HER-2 expression paradoxically via mTOR complex 2 activation [12], whereas trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER-2, leads to a longer median overall survival time when added to chemotherapy in HER-2 ϩ advanced gastric cancer patients [13]. Treatment of mice bearing HER-2 ϩ mammary tumors with both trastuzumab and rapamycin was more effective than treatment with either alone [14].…”

KRAS and Colorectal Cancer: Ethical and Pragmatic Issues in Effecting Real-Time Change in Oncology Clinical Trials and Practice

“…New efficacy markers may be used to include or exclude patients from specific systemic treatments. An example of an inclusionary marker would be the use of trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-expressing gastric cancer [21]. KRAS mutations, in regard to anti-EGFR therapies, represent an exclusionary marker.…”