Efficacy of zonisamide on interictal electroencephalography in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Ukai, Masayasu; Hamamoto, Yüji; Yu, Yoshihiko; Fujiwara‐Igarashi, Aki; Fujita, Michio; Hasegawa, Daisuke

doi:10.1177/1098612x17740247

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Existing studies on zonisamide in cats are limited. [8][9][10] While zonisamide appears safe and well-tolerated in cats clinically, the efficacy of zonisamide for seizure control and the prevalence of adverse effects have not been established in cats with seizures. 3,11 The primary goal of this study was to retrospectively identify epileptic cats receiving zonisamide as part of their seizure management and to evaluate monthly seizure frequency before and after starting zonisamide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zonisamide is effective in animal models for controlling focal and generalized seizures, and clinical studies in dogs receiving zonisamide have shown 60% efficacy as a monotherapy and 60‐80% efficacy as an add‐on therapy. Existing studies on zonisamide in cats are limited 8‐10 . While zonisamide appears safe and well‐tolerated in cats clinically, the efficacy of zonisamide for seizure control and the prevalence of adverse effects have not been established in cats with seizures 3,11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats

Djani,

Liou,

Aravamuthan

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundEvidence‐based recommendations for antiepileptic drug selection in cats beyond phenobarbital are limited, and additional studies are needed for cats where seizures remain inadequately controlled by administration of phenobarbital alone or for cats that cannot safely receive phenobarbital.ObjectiveTo compare seizure frequency in cats before and after oral administration of zonisamide and describe adverse clinical or clinicopathologic effects in this cohort.AnimalsFifty‐seven cats with a history of seizures.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective study. Median number of seizures per month and number of seizure days per month were compared before and after administration of zonisamide in all cats, a subgroup of cats with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), and a subgroup of cats receiving zonisamide as sole therapy. Clinical and clinicopathologic adverse effect data were also reported.ResultsA median decrease of 1 (P = .001, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.0, −0.5]) seizure per month, and 1 (P = .003, 95% CI [−1.5, −0.2]) seizure days per month was found across all cats after oral administration of zonisamide. The subgroup with IE showed median decreases of 1 (P = .03, 95% CI [−2.0, −0.5]) and 2 (P = .01, 95% CI [−2.5, −1.0]), respectively. The most common clinical adverse effects were sedation (17%), ataxia (11%), hyporexia (17%), and emesis (5%). One cat developed mild nonregenerative anemia, 2 cats developed mild metabolic acidosis, and 6 cats showed mild increases in ALT and ALP.ConclusionZonisamide was well tolerated and efficacious in controlling seizure activity in most cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats

Djani,

Liou,

Aravamuthan

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The TLE group included 17 FSECs (Nos. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and one cat with TLE not related to FSEC strain (No. 18).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As one factor of this, EEG in cats with highdensity coats and hard scalps requires strict sedation and immobilization for electrode placement and stable recording. Some studies have reported the use of sedatives, typically medetomidine (MED) or the enantiomer of MED, dexmedetomidine, to perform scalp EEG in dogs and cats (8)(9)(10). MED and dexmedetomidine produce sedative and analgesic effects enough for EEG recording and can be rapidly antagonized by the administration of atipamezole (11,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effect and availability of ketamine on electroencephalography in cats with temporal lobe epilepsy

Mizuno¹,

Asada²,

Yu³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In recent years, electroencephalography (EEG) in veterinary medicine has become important not only in the diagnosis of epilepsy, but also in determining the epileptogenic focus. In cats, sedation and immobilization, usually with medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, are necessary to place the electrodes and to obtain stable scalp EEG recordings. In this study, we hypothesized that, for cats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), ketamine, a sedative/anesthetic and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist that activates the limbic system and is also used to treat refractory status epilepticus in dogs, would induce sufficient sedation and immobilization for EEG, as well as induce interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) that are more pronounced than those induced with medetomidine. We obtained EEG recordings from TLE cats and healthy cats administered either ketamine or medetomidine alone (study 1) or ketamine after medetomidine sedation (study 2). In study 1, the frequency of IEDs showed no statistically significant difference between ketamine and medetomidine in both TLE and healthy cats. Seizures were observed in 75% (9/12) cats of the TLE group with ketamine alone. When ketamine was administered after sedation with medetomidine (study 2), 3/18 cats in the TLE group developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure and 1/18 cats showed subclinical seizure activity. However, no seizures were observed in all healthy cats in both study 1 and study 2. Slow wave activity at 2–4 Hz was observed in many individuals after ketamine administration regardless studies and groups, and quantitative analysis in study 2 showed a trend toward increased delta band activities in both groups. While there was no significant difference in the count of IEDs between medetomidine and ketamine, ketamine caused seizures in cats with TLE similar to their habitual seizure type and with a higher seizure frequency. Our results suggest that ketamine may activate epileptiform discharges during EEG recordings. However, caution should be used for cats with TLE.

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“…Antiepileptic drugs (AED) administered in cats, include phenobarbital (PB), levetiracetam (LEV), and zonisamide (ZSD) (Bailey and Dewey, 2009;Ukai et al, 2018).The effectiveness of treatment is evaluated by a more than 50% reduction in seizures, thus marking a successful dosage regimen. On the contrary, a reduction of less than 50% or an increase in the number of seizures is indicative of progressive disease, refractory seizures, poor client compliance or inadequate dosing (Bailey and Dewey, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical signs, aetiology and outcome in 30 cats with recurrent seizures (2002-2018)

Kalogianni

Baka

Polizopoulou

2020

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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The purpose of the current study was to describe seizure types, aetiology, treatment response and outcome in 30cats with recurrent seizures. This retrospective case series study included the medical records of client-owned cats, admitted to the Clinic of Companion Animals for seizure disorders, from 2002 to 2018. Recorded data included history, seizure type, physical and neurological examination findings, blood pressure measurements, complete blood counts, serum biochemistry profile and urinalysis, tentative/final diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization and longterm outcome. A total of 298 feline neurology cases were examined during the study period. Of those, 38 cases were admitted for seizure disorders and 30 met the inclusion criteria. Median age on admission was 38,2 months (3,1 years) (range 2 months-14 years old).Seizure types, as per owner description, were generalized (26 cats), focal with secondary generalization (3 cats), focal (2 cats) and complex (1 cat). Cluster seizures appeared at least once in 18/30 and status epilepticus in 7/30. Different seizure types were also recorded in individual cases. Fifteen cats (15/30) were hospitalized at least once and the duration of hospitalization ranged from 1-10 days. In most cases, in which diagnosis was established, epilepsy wassecondary (25/30), due to previous head trauma(11/30),metabolic (1/30), or inflammatory (4/30) disease, arterial hypertension (3/30), toxicosis (3/30) and intracranial neoplasia (2/30).Congenital hydrocephalus was detected in 1 cat. Tentative diagnosis could not be established in 5cats; however differential diagnosis included inflammatory or neoplastic encephalopathies.Antiepileptic drug monotherapy (phenobarbital or levetiracetam) was sufficient to control the seizures in 14 cases, while administration of combination therapy with 2 or more antiepileptic drugs was required in 5 cases (phenobarbital, levetiracetam, gabapentin). Successful control was achieved in 11/30 animals for 1-5 years. Seven cats required intensive care at least once due to status epilepticus. Until today, eighteen (18/30) cats are still alive and 11 died or were euthanized.Although in most cases epilepsy was secondary, seizure control was adequate and quality of life (QoL) was improved with antiepileptic drugs when metabolic, inflammatory and neoplastic encephalopathies were excluded.

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Efficacy of zonisamide on interictal electroencephalography in familial spontaneous epileptic cats

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats

A retrospective study of the efficacy of zonisamide in controlling seizures in 57 cats

Investigation of the effect and availability of ketamine on electroencephalography in cats with temporal lobe epilepsy

Clinical signs, aetiology and outcome in 30 cats with recurrent seizures (2002-2018)

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