Efficacy of water flossing on clinical parameters of inflammation and plaque: A 4‐week randomized controlled trial

Mancinelli‐Lyle, Deborah; Qaqish, Jimmy G.; Goyal, C. Ram; Schuller, Reinhard

doi:10.1111/idh.12770

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Abdellatif et al [ 28 ] conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the plaque removal efficacy of WFs to traditional floss, highlighting the WF's effectiveness. A study by Mancinelli-Lyle et al [ 29 ] demonstrated that WFs surpass traditional flossing in removing plaque and reducing gingival inflammation. Ng and Lim's overview [ 24 ] of interdental aids emphasized the efficacy of WFs, showcasing their ability to improve oral hygiene.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Water Flossers in Periodontal Therapy

Altalhi,

Alqahtani,

Alareefi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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This study investigated the efficacy of water flossers (WFs), devices used to irrigate the interdental and subgingival areas, compared to other interdental care methods, in the management of periodontal disease. A computerized PubMed search was conducted by the author, encompassing the years 1962 to 2023. The year 1962 was selected due to it being the introduction of the first WF. Keywords included "oral irrigator", "efficacy," and "water flossers." The review provided a broad comparative assessment of WFs, rather than an exhaustive detailed article review. We discussed the history and evolution of commercially available WFs and introduced a novel classification system. The research also evaluated the performance of WFs in comparison to traditional and novel interdental care methods, focusing on crucial clinical parameters such as plaque removal efficiency and reduction in gingival inflammation. The results of the study reveal that WFs appear to be superior in the management of periodontal disease and have demonstrated effectiveness in a variety of indices. However, it's worth noting that the author did not statistically analyze any of the data. We identified gaps in the literature and found opportunities for further clinical studies. These findings hold implications for optimal periodontal disease prevention and management, addressing the evolving landscape of oral care practices.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of Water Flossers in Periodontal Therapy

Altalhi,

Alqahtani,

Alareefi

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Most self‐contained oral irrigation units available in the market today are pulsating devices. The pulsating action of these devices produces a compression and decompression phase, which is key to their efficacy (Lyle 2012 ; Mancinelli‐Lyle et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Irrigation Devices: A Scoping Review

Sarkisova,

Morse,

Lee

et al. 2024

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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ObjectivesSelf‐performed oral hygiene is essential for preventing dental caries, periodontal, and peri‐implant diseases. Oral irrigators are adjunctive oral home care aids that may benefit oral health. However, the effects of oral irrigation on oral health, its role in oral home care, and its mechanism of action are not fully understood. A comprehensive search of the literature revealed no existing broad scoping reviews on oral irrigators. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive systematic review of the literature on oral irrigation devices and identify evidence gaps.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines were utilized to prepare the review. Four databases and eight gray literature sources were searched for English publications across any geographical location or setting.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy‐five sources were included, predominantly from scientific journals and academic settings. Most studies originated from North America. Research primarily involved adults, with limited studies in children and adolescents. Oral irrigation was safe and well‐accepted when used appropriately. It reduced periodontal inflammation, potentially by modulating the oral microbiota, but further research needs to clarify its mechanism of action. Promising results were reported in populations with dental implants and special needs. Patient acceptance appeared high, but standardized patient‐reported outcome measures were rarely used. Anti‐inflammatory benefits occurred consistently across populations and irrigant solutions. Plaque reduction findings were mixed, potentially reflecting differences in study designs and devices.ConclusionsOral irrigators reduce periodontal inflammation, but their impact on plaque removal remains unclear. Well‐designed, sufficiently powered trials of appropriate duration need to assess the clinical, microbiological, and inflammatory responses of the periodontium to oral irrigation, particularly those with periodontitis, dental implants, and special needs. Patient‐reported outcome measures, costs, caries prevention, and environmental impact of oral irrigation need to be compared to other oral hygiene aids.

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“…A common and effective method to reduce the amount of oral bacteria is mechanical removal with a toothbrush (manual or powered) supplied with fluoride toothpaste [ 23 , 27 – 29 ]. Interdental aids such as interdental brushes, dental floss or water flossers are recommended as supplements to remove biofilm from interproximal and subgingival areas [ 30 ]. Although the efficacy of various mechanical tools for removal of biofilm is well-documented [ 31 – 33 ], few studies have reported on how much biofilm removal is achievable through such mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces in vitro

Breivik,

Mulic,

Sehic

et al. 2024

BIiD

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Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces and assess the amount of biofilm removal using (1) experimental toothpaste and (2) water, in a closed system of flow chamber. Methods: Eight sound premolars were embedded in epoxy resin and polished with silicon carbide grinding papers to display enamel and root surfaces. To mimic biofilm, cultures of Streptococcus mutans were prepared and grown on the tooth surfaces over night before they were exposed to either 2 liters of Milli Q water or 2 liters of 40% experimental toothpaste in the flow chamber. The amount of biofilm was measured and quantified in Fluorescence microscopy. Mean fluorescence values were recorded and analysed using Microsoft® Excel® (MS Excel 2016). Results: The ability to grow biofilm was equally present at both the enamel and root surfaces. The use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste showed a significant reduction of areas covered with biofilm on both enamel and root dentin in comparison to untreated surfaces (p < 0.01). Significantly more biofilm was removed from enamel compared to root surfaces when treated with either water and toothpaste (p < 0.01). Slightly less biofilm was removed by the use of water compared to toothpaste on both enamel and root dentin surfaces, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The results indicate that less biofilm is removed from the root surfaces than enamel by the use of water and 40% experimental toothpaste in flow chamber. Assessing oral biofilm accumulation and monitoring biofilm formation on enamel and root dentin surfaces give oral health professionals important directions that could strenghten the significance of dental caries prevention. Improving older individuals’ oral hygiene practices should therefore be considered an important measure to prevent root caries.

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Efficacy of water flossing on clinical parameters of inflammation and plaque: A 4‐week randomized controlled trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

A Comparative Review of Water Flossers in Periodontal Therapy

A Comparative Review of Water Flossers in Periodontal Therapy

Oral Irrigation Devices: A Scoping Review

Accumulation and removal of Streptococcus mutans biofilm on enamel and root surfaces in vitro

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