Efficacy of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of upper-room air in inactivating airborne bacterial spores and mycobacteria in full-scale studies

Xu, Peng; Peccia, Jordan; Fabian, M. Patricia; Martyny, John W.; Fennelly, Kevin P.; Hernandez, Mark; Miller, Shelly L.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00825-7

Cited by 149 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is, to our knowledge, first controlled evaluation of the effect of upper-room UV light or negative air ionization on airborne TB transmission in a clinical setting. On the basis of laboratory evidence of mycobacterial susceptibility to UV light [13], the effects of UV lamps on mycobacterial aerosols the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends upper-room UV light as an environmental control measure for TB in health care settings [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence Ultraviolet Light and Scent Therapy for Reducing Germs Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Ikhwan¹,

Madhona²

2017

Proceedings of the 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016)

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Abstract-In Tanjungpinang, the incidence of pulmonary TB is still quite high. In 2011 as many 2,536 as suspected pulmonary TB positive cases examined and 216 as patients. In 2012 have been examined as many as 2,065 patients with chronic cough sputum specimens. The total positive from smear positive bacteria is 184 specimens.(District Health Office of Tanjungpinang, 2012). Pulmonary tuberculosis is a communicable disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which can live up to several hours in the dark and damp but will die when exposed to ultraviolet light. The purpose of this study is known UVC-Aromatherapy therapeutic effect against germs decreased levels of Tb in positive patients with pulmonary Tb. This research is an experimental research with pre-experimental design one group pre-test-post-test. The subjects and object of this research were positive pulmonary TB patients as cases and UVC-Aromatherapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence Ultraviolet Light and Scent Therapy for Reducing Germs Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Ikhwan¹,

Madhona²

2017

Proceedings of the 1st Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2016)

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“…A completely mixed room model was used to estimate the removal/inactivation rate of the air filter expressed as an equivalent airexchange rate (eAER), as previously described. 13,16 The eAER is defined as the volumetric rate of air (m 3 /hr) processed by the air filter divided by the volume of the room (m 3 ) where the control has been applied. The eAER has units of air changes per hour or hr Ϫ1 .…”

Section: Controlled Chamber Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration of indoor air have received heightened attention in recent years as effective and affordable engineering controls. [13][14][15][16] Above certain dose levels, UV radiation at the 254-nm wavelength has been shown to inactivate airborne bacteria. Experimental and anecdotal evidence suggest that UV irradiation may be an effective IMPLICATIONS Transmission of infectious diseases through inhalation of airborne bacteria, viruses, or fungi is a public health problem that may pose substantial risks to the general public.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ceiling-Mounted HEPA-UV Air Filters on Airborne Bacteria Concentrations in an Indoor Therapy Pool Building

Kujundzic

Zander

Hernandez

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new generation of high-volume, ceiling-mounted highefficiency particulate air (HEPA)-ultraviolet (UV) air filters (HUVAFs) for their ability to remove or inactivate bacterial aerosol. In an environmentally controlled full-scale laboratory chamber (87 m 3 ), and an indoor therapy pool building, the mitigation ability of air filters was assessed by comparing concentrations of total bacteria, culturable bacteria, and airborne endotoxin with and without the air filters operating under otherwise similar conditions. Controlled chamber tests with pure cultures of aerosolized Mycobacterium parafortuitum cells showed that the HUVAF unit tested provided an equivalent air-exchange rate of 11 hr Ϫ1 . Using this equivalent air-exchange rate as a design basis, three HUVAFs were installed in an indoor therapy pool building for bioaerosol mitigation, and their effectiveness was studied over a 2-year period. The HUVAFs reduced concentrations of culturable bacteria by 69 and 80% during monitoring periods executed in respective years. The HUVAFs reduced concentrations of total bacteria by 12 and 76% during the same monitoring period, respectively. Airborne endotoxin concentrations were not affected by the HUVAF operation.

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“…The lack of a standard protocol makes it difficult to compare the findings of the various studies and to develop rigorous system design methodologies. Table 1 illustrates the diversity of methods and apparatuses that have been used in recent aerosolized microorganism UV inactivation studies (Fletcher et al 2003;Miller and Macher 2000;Xu et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because it is a nearly ideal well-mixed batch reactor system, the UV inactivation constants determined using this apparatus and protocol are fundamental properties of the microorganism and are independent of the fluid flow regime and reactor geometry. This reactor (Fletcher et al 2003) Pilot scale flow through chamber (4 L) Radiometer reading through an access port to estimate the irradiance (Miller and Macher 2000) Completely mixed room (36 m 3 ) with ventilation 12 point radiometer readings to estimate the average fluence rate (Ko et al 2000) Flow through UV chamber (7.3 L) 90 point radiometer readings to calculate the average fluence rate (Xu et al 2003) Completely mixed room (87 m 3 ) with ventilation 20 spherical actinometry cells (1 cm diameter) and radiometer readings independency is of great value in UV reactor design, especially when Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation techniques are used to model the fluid flow in larger, continuous-flow reactors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Protocol for the Determination of the Ultraviolet Sensitivity of Microorganisms Suspended in Air

Craik

El-Din

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A batch UV reactor system was constructed to determine the UV inactivation kinetics of aerosolized Bacillus subtilis spores. This reactor consisted of a small-scale cylindrical reactor placed in a collimated beam system. The average fluence rate inside the reactor was determined using the same standard protocol as that used in collimated beam UV inactivation studies of waterborne microorganisms, with some modifications. A multi-target model was used to model the observed inactivation versus fluence (UV dose) for aerosolize spores. A statistical comparison of the kinetic models showed that there was no significant difference between the rate constants of the aerosolized and waterborne spores. The results also indicated that, within the relative humidity range investigated (50-83%) the relative humidity does not affect the UV inactivation rate of the spores. The experimental methodology demonstrated in this article can be used to generate the UV inactivation kinetic information necessary for the rational design and performance evaluation of UV disinfection systems used for indoor air quality control.

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Efficacy of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of upper-room air in inactivating airborne bacterial spores and mycobacteria in full-scale studies

Cited by 149 publications

References 22 publications

The Influence Ultraviolet Light and Scent Therapy for Reducing Germs Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The Influence Ultraviolet Light and Scent Therapy for Reducing Germs Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Effects of Ceiling-Mounted HEPA-UV Air Filters on Airborne Bacteria Concentrations in an Indoor Therapy Pool Building

Development of a Protocol for the Determination of the Ultraviolet Sensitivity of Microorganisms Suspended in Air

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