Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs

Abstract

Mycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs: sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels of nearly 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (N = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5%, MTX + OMC 3.0%, MTX + MMDA 1.5%, and MTX + MMDA 3.0%), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and MMDA ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and MMDA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations.

Co-existence of mycotoxins in the diet of layer farms in Java Provinces of Indonesia

“…Synergism would legitimately raise concerns about health risks, whereas little attention has been paid to the consequences of additive combination effects [19]. It would be assumed that mycotoxins with comparable modes of action would have at least complementary effects such as interactions of DON, FUM, and OTA [20][21].…”

AFB1 Toxicity in Human Food and Animal Feed Consumption: A Review of Experimental Treatments and Preventive Measures

“…In the study of adsorbents, i.e., organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), the AFB1 fed-piglets displayed a reduction in the incidence of liver cancer without any qualitative deleterious actions [62]. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of a spray-dried porcine plasma highquality protein as a functional food ingredient for piglets to protect them against AFB1.…”

Microbial Composition of Water Kefir Grains and Their Application for the Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1

“…Compared with physical and chemical strategies, biological treatments exhibit various advantages, such as safety, simplicity, minimal impact on product quality, and cost-effectiveness, and have attracted substantial attention [ 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, the addition of adsorbents to diets contaminated with mycotoxins is widely used to reduce toxin bio-availability in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and detoxify animal feeds [ 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, the use of biomaterials as adsorbents has recently become one of the most promising approaches to removing AFB1 from animal feeds [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”