Efficacy of tropically applied ivermectin against Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in cattle

Cramer, LG; Carhalvo, L.A.F.; Bridi, A.A.; Amaral, NK; Barrick, R.A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(88)90151-3

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These results compared favorably with the 99.4% reduction in tick numbers reported by Maske et al (1992) following an injection treatment with ivermectin. A previous study conducted to evaluate a single injection of ivermectin (Cramer et al 1988a) reported a lower reduction in tick numbers and reproductive capacity of treated females than the data obtained herein, while reported mean female weight and egg mass weight of treated females was comparable to our study. Caproni et al 0.0 ± 0.0 19.5 ± 29.9 * c…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Consequently, while it was clearly evident that the endectocides were highly efficacious against ticks that were infested at £ 18 d before treatment, the efficacy of the materials against ticks infested 19-20 d before treatment might be less certain. Reports of other investigations with these endectocides stating that the level of control was somewhat lower against ticks that were very near to repletion when treatment was applied support this idea (Cramer et al 1988a;Davey and George 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on infested cattle

et al. 2005

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The effectiveness of a single treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin was determined by administering a single subcutaneous injection of each endectocide at 200 microg per kg body weight to cattle infested with all parasitic developmental stages (adults, nymphs, and larvae) of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). The percentage reduction in the number of females that reached repletion following treatment (outright kill) was 94.8 and 91.1% for ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. In addition, the reproductive capacity of the females that did survive to repletion was reduced by > 99%, regardless of the endectocide. Based on these two factors, the therapeutic level of control obtained against ticks on the cattle at the time of treatment was 99.0 and 99.1% for ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. Engorged females recovered from either group of treated cattle weighed approximately 3-times less than untreated females, and the egg masses produced by treated females weighed approximately 5-8-times less than egg masses produced by untreated females. Partitioning of data into three separate 7-d post-treatment intervals allowed for an estimation of the efficacy of each endectocide against each individual parasitic development stage (adult, nymph, and larva). Results indicated that both endectocides were > or =99.7% effective against ticks that were in either the adult or nymphal stage at the time of treatment. However, the level of control against ticks in the larval stage of development at treatment was significantly lower at 97.9 and 98.4% for ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. Analysis of the persistent (residual) activity of the two endectocides indicated that neither material provided total protection against larval re-infestation for even 1-wk following treatment. Against larvae infested 1-4 wk following treatment, the level of control with moxidectin ranged from 92.4% (1 wk) to 19.5% (4 wk). These control levels were higher at each weekly interval than for ivermectin, which ranged from 82.4% (1 wk) to 0.0% (4 wk). The potential for the use of these injectable endectocide formulations in the US Boophilus Eradication Program is discussed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on infested cattle

et al. 2005

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“…Because eprinomectin is efÞcacious against lone star ticks at lower levels in the serum of cattle and is eliminated from the serum at a more rapid rate than either doramectin or ivermectin, it provides an advantage for use in applications such as the medicated bait for control of ticks on white-tailed deer where quick withdrawal times are necessary because of hunting (Pound et al 2004). Because previous laboratory and Þeld trials have proven the efÞcacy of avermectins for controlling B. microplus on pastured and stanchioned cattle, it is likely that comparable treatments with eprinomectin could provide control of the B. microplus as well and may be useful in the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (Campbell et al 1983, Cramer et al 1988, Gonzales et al 1993, Remington et al 1997, Caproni et al 1998, Guglielmone et al 2000, Davey et al 2001, Davey and George 2002.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ivermectin, the Þrst of this class to be introduced, provides control of a variety of both endo-and ectoparasites, including ticks (Drummond 1985, Lasota andDybas 1991). Numerous studies have shown that ivermectin can control a variety of tick species (Drummond et al 1981;Nolan et al 1981;Lancaster et al 1982;Miller et al 1983Miller et al , 1998Pegram and Lemche 1985;Cramer et al 1988;Soll et al 1989Soll et al , 1990Taylor and Kenny 1990;Davey et al 2001). Pound et al (1996) developed technology for the delivery of ivermectin by using medicated-corn, Zea mays L., for the control of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Efficacy of Eprinomectin and Doramectin Against <I>Amblyomma americanum</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) on Cattle

Lohmeyer

Miller

Pound

et al. 2009

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Steers were treated with doramectin or eprinomectin by daily oral capsule for 28 consecutive days. The level of doramectin in the serum of steers treated at 200 microg/kg/d reached a maximum of 104.0 +/- 22.1 ppb at day 21 and declined from 93.3 +/- 20.5 ppb on the final day of treatment to below detectable by day 56. Steers treated at 50 microg/kg/d reached a maximum level of doramectin in the serum of 24.7 +/- 1.2 ppb on day 21 and declined from 24.7 +/- 0.6 ppb on the final day of treatment to less than detectable on day 42. Both doramectin dosages provided 100% control of estimated larvae (EL) of Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) throughout the 28-d treatment period. Daily oral treatment with eprinomectin at a dosage of 200 microg/kg for 28 consecutive days produced a maximum concentration in the serum of 41.6 +/- 11.0 ppb at day 14. On the final day of eprinomectin treatment, the serum concentration was 38.3 +/- 5.9 ppb. Seven days later at day 35, eprinomectin was not detectable in the serum. For steers treated at 50 microg/kg/d for 28 consecutive days, the serum level of eprinomectin reached a maximum of 10.0 +/- 3.0 ppb on day 28 and was undetectable on day 35. Both eprinomectin dosages provided complete control of EL of A. americanum during the 28-d treatment period. Because eprinomectin is efficacious against A. americanum at lower serum levels in cattle and is eliminated from the serum at a more rapid rate than either doramectin or ivermectin, it provides advantages for use in applications such as the medicated bait for control of ticks on white-tailed deer and could have potential for use in the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that ivermectin can control a variety of tick species (Drummond et al 1981. Nolan et al 1981Lancaster et al 1982;Miller et al 1983Miller et al , 1998Pegram and Lemche 1985;Cramer et al 1988;Taylor and Kenny 1990, Soll et al 1989.…”

Section: Because Of the United States Boophilus Eradicationmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Ivomec SR Bolus for Control of <I>Boophilus annulatus</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) on Cattle in South Texas

Miller¹,

Davey²,

Oehler³

et al. 2001

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When Hereford heifers infested with Boophilus annulatus (Say) were treated with a single Ivomec SR Bolus, the concentration of ivermectin in the serum of the treated cattle reached a maximum of 8.8 +/- 0.9 ppb at 2 wk posttreatment. The single bolus treatment resulted in 84.4% control of standard engorging B. annulatus females on treated cattle over the 20-wk trial. Although fewer engorged ticks were collected from the sentinel heifers exposed in the treated pasture than those in the control pasture at weeks 4, 10, and 16 posttreatment, none of the differences was statistically significant. Each exposure of sentinel cattle found free-living ticks in both the treated and control pastures, indicating the infestation was not eliminated by the treatment. When the trial was repeated using two Ivomec SR Boluses/heifer, the concentration of ivermectin in the serum of the treated cattle reached a maximum level of 31.2 +/- 3.9 ppb at week 13 posttreatment. The use of two boluses/heifer resulted in 99.6% control of standard engorging B. annulatus females over the 20-wk trial. No ticks were found on sentinels placed in the treated pasture after week 9 posttreatment, an indication that the treatment had eliminated the free-living population in the treated pasture. From these studies, we conclude that a single Ivomec SR Bolus is incapable of sufficient control of B. annulatus to meet the rigid requirements of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program in South Texas. Although two boluses per animal did eliminate the ticks from treated heifers and the pasture they were in, the treatment would not be sufficiently efficacious for mature cattle (>400 kg) for it to be useful in the program.

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Efficacy of tropically applied ivermectin against Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in cattle

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on infested cattle

Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a single injection treatment of ivermectin and moxidectin against Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on infested cattle

Efficacy of Eprinomectin and Doramectin Against <I>Amblyomma americanum</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) on Cattle

The Ivomec SR Bolus for Control of <I>Boophilus annulatus</I> (Acari: Ixodidae) on Cattle in South Texas

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