Efficacy of three different steamers for control of bed bugs (<i>Cimex lectularius</i> L.)

Wang, Desen; Wang, Changlu; Zha, Chen; Eiden, Amanda; Cooper, Richard A.

doi:10.1002/ps.4933

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Today, heat treatments are applied using handheld devices, heating chambers of varying sizes, or whole-room treatments. With handheld steamers, cheap units perform as effectively as expensive steamers for treating under fabric materials or in cracks (144). Infested furniture, mattresses, suitcases, boxes, and other household items can be placed and treated in a heat chamber, insulated tent, utility trailer, cube van, or shipping container, with the heat provided by electricity or propane gas.…”

Section: Nonchemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs,Cimexspp.

Doggett

Lee

2023

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) are an important group of obligate hematophagous urban insect pests. The global resurgence of bed bugs, involving the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., and the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.), over the past two decades is believed to be primarily due to the development of insecticide resistance, along with global travel and poor pest management, which have contributed to their spread. This review examines and synthesizes the literature on bed bug origins and their global spread and the literature on historical and contemporary control options. This includes bed bug prevention, detection and monitoring, nonchemical and chemical control methodologies (and their limitations), and potential future control options. Future research needs are highlighted, especially the factors behind the modern resurgence, the necessity of identifying differences between the two bed bug species relevant to control, and the need to improve insecticide test protocols and management strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 68 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Section: Nonchemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs,Cimexspp.

Doggett

Lee

2023

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] A multifaceted approach such as integrated pest management (IPM), which includes rational use of pesticides along with frequent monitoring and use of different alternative control measures, has proven effective for their control. 7,8 In addition to a plethora of insecticide efficacy reports, several studies have demonstrated and/or tested the effectiveness of alternative control methods such as heat treatments, 9 cold treatments, 10 steam, 11,12 desiccant dusts, 13 carbon dioxide and dry ice, 14,15 ultra-low oxygen and vacuum treatments, 16 insecticide-treated mattress encasements, 17 essential oils 18,19 and fumigants 20,21 for C. lectularius control. Unlike published reports on insecticide and alternative control techniques, only one preliminary study has assessed the ability of ozone (O 3 ) gas to kill C. lectularius adults; 22 the remainder of the non-empirical information on the efficacy of ozone can be found online (https://www.foreverozone.com/ blogs/news/ozone-does-kill-bed-bugs-but-not-their-eggs and https://www.noai.org/does-ozone-kill-bedbugs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining baseline toxicity of ozone against an insecticide‐susceptible strain of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. under laboratory conditions

Feston

Gaire

Fardisi

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDOzone gas is commercially used for deodorization and microbial control. Its efficacy against stored product insect pests is well documented. In the midst of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) outbreak, claims were made that ozone gas was effective for their control. This study was conducted to determine baseline ozone concentrations and exposure times required for the control of an insecticide‐susceptible C. lectularius strain under laboratory conditions. Dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate class fumigant insecticide was used as a positive control.RESULTSNymphs and adults were more susceptible to ozone than eggs. Complete (100%) nymph and adult mortality was achieved at an ozone concentration (C) of 1500 ppm and exposure time (T) of 180 min, or concentration × time product (CT) of 270 000 ppm‐min, whereas eggs required an eightfold higher CT (2 040 000 ppm‐min). DDVP vapor was 2070‐, 2542‐ and 450‐fold more potent than ozone, against nymphs, adults and eggs, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBaseline ozone toxicity data provide insights on the practicality of using this gas for the management of common bed bugs. High ozone CT products required for C. lectularius control, particularly eggs, suggest that its use for treating infested human dwellings is not feasible due to logistic, safety and monetary concerns. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Efficacy of steam and diatomaceous earth dust against the tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (F.) under laboratory and field conditions

Kong,

Xie,

Wang

et al. 2024

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDOver the past two decades, bed bugs (Cimex spp.) have resurged as common urban pests around the world. The search for efficient and safe control measures has become a key interest among researchers, manufacturers, and pest control professionals. In this study, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of steam, diatomaceous earth (DE) dust, and a combination of both against tropical bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus (F.)) under laboratory and field conditions.RESULTSIn the laboratory study, the mortality of bed bugs after 2 days of exposure to DE dust was 100%. When bed bugs stayed on the surface of an object or in cracks, a brief steam treatment (1 s) caused 100% mortality. However, when bed bugs were hidden under a fabric cover, steam application for 10 s only caused 89 ± 6% mortality. Bed bugs that survived steam treatment exhibited reduced feeding activity. In a 14‐week long study, there was no significant difference in the reduction rate of bed bugs between steam treatment and DE dust treatment. A 37‐week long control study showed that steam and steam plus DE dust treatments eliminated 97–100% of the infestations.CONCLUSIONApplying steam and DE dust are effective strategies for eliminating natural tropical bed bug infestations. Continuous follow‐up monitoring and treatment until no bed bugs are found are crucial in completely eliminating the infestation of tropical bed bugs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Efficacy of three different steamers for control of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.)

Abstract: Proper use of steamers can kill all life stages of bed bugs. Affordable consumer-grade steamers are as effective as professional-grade steam machines for eliminating bed bugs resting on mattresses and hiding behind fabric materials or in cracks. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs,Cimexspp.

Historical and Contemporary Control Options Against Bed Bugs,Cimexspp.

Determining baseline toxicity of ozone against an insecticide‐susceptible strain of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. under laboratory conditions

Efficacy of steam and diatomaceous earth dust against the tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (F.) under laboratory and field conditions

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