Efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine alone in the prevention of hepatitis B perinatal transmission in infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-negative carrier mothers

Zhang, Wenjun; Xu, Chenyu; Rui, Yanjing; Chen, Jie; Chen, Tingmei; Dai, Yimin; Xu, Biyun; Hu, Yali; Chen, Junhao; Zhou, Yi‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.jve.2022.100076

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Early studies reported significantly reduced MTCT rates with the prompt vaccination of newborns, achieving an MTCT reduction of 70–90% in HBeAg-positive mothers [ 181 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 ]. These findings support using vaccines in regions where pregnant women are not subjected to screening for HBsAg and HBeAg [ 189 ].…”

Section: Hepatitis B Vaccines: Evolution and Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on the Hepatitis B Vaccination: Challenges, Achievements, and the Road to Elimination by 2030

Al-Busafi,

Alwassief

2024

Vaccines

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Annually, more than 1.5 million preventable new hepatitis B (HBV) infections continue to occur, with an estimated global burden of 296 million individuals living with chronic hepatitis B infection. This substantial health challenge results in over 820,000 annual deaths being attributed to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV vaccination remains the cornerstone of public health policy to prevent chronic hepatitis B and its related complications. It serves as a crucial element in the global effort to eliminate HBV, as established by the World Health Organization (WHO), with an ambitious 90% vaccination target by 2030. However, reports on global birth dose coverage reveal substantial variability, with an overall coverage rate of only 46%. This comprehensive review thoroughly examines global trends in HBV vaccination coverage, investigating the profound impact of vaccination on HBV prevalence and its consequences across diverse populations, including both high-risk and general demographics. Additionally, the review addresses the essential formidable challenges and facilitating factors for achieving WHO’s HBV vaccination coverage objectives and elimination strategies in the coming decade and beyond.

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Section: Hepatitis B Vaccines: Evolution and Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on the Hepatitis B Vaccination: Challenges, Achievements, and the Road to Elimination by 2030

Al-Busafi,

Alwassief

2024

Vaccines

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“…Compared with the hepatitis B vaccine alone, the immunization schedule of the hepatitis B vaccine combined with HBIG improved the success rate of preventing HBV MTCT ( 100 ), and the effect was more pronounced among infants born to HBeAg-positive and HBsAg-positive mothers ( 101 ). However, this effect may not be evident in infants born to HBsAg-positive but HBeAg-negative mothers, and some researchers argue that HBIG for an infant who was born to an HBsAg-positive and HBeAg-negative mother was unnecessary for preventing HBV MTCT ( 102 – 104 ). In our opinion, this phenomenon may be related to the low HBV transmission rates between HBeAg-negative and HBsAg-positive mothers and children, but HBIG did not play a role in them.…”

Section: T Cells and Measures Of Hbv-mtct Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

Cao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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One of the most common routes of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Approximately 6.4 million children under the age of five have chronic HBV infections worldwide. HBV DNA high level, HBeAg positivity, placental barrier failure, and immaturity of the fetal immune are the possible causes of chronic HBV infection. The passive-active immune program for children, which consists of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and antiviral therapy for pregnant women who have a high HBV DNA load (greater than 2 × 105 IU/ml), are currently two of the most important ways to prevent the transmission of HBV from mother to child. Unfortunately, some infants still have chronic HBV infections. Some studies have also found that some supplementation during pregnancy can increase cytokine levels and then affect the level of HBsAb in infants. For example, IL-4 can mediate the beneficial effect on infants’ HBsAb levels when maternal folic acid supplementation. In addition, new research has indicated that HBV infection in the mother may also be linked to unfavorable outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and premature rupture of membranes. The changes in the immune environment during pregnancy and the hepatotropic nature of HBV may be the main reasons for the adverse maternal outcomes. It is interesting to note that after delivery, the women who had a chronic HBV infection may spontaneously achieve HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg seroclearance. The maternal and fetal T-cell immunity in HBV infection is important because adaptive immune responses, especially virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses, are largely responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. Meanwhile, HBV humoral and T-cell responses are important for the durability of protection after fetal vaccination. This article reviews the literature on immunological characteristics of chronic HBV-infected patients during pregnancy and postpartum, blocking mother-to-child transmissions and related immune mechanisms, hoping to provide new insights for the prevention of HBV MTCT and antiviral intervention during pregnancy and postpartum.

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“…HBV infection has become a treatable disease because nucleoside/Q9 nucleotide analogs can inhibit viral replication to below detectable levels in the blood . HBV vaccine immunoprophylaxis is the most effective way to prevent infection and has been adopted by 190 national or regional Immunization programs have adopted . Vaccination strategies against HBV include a conventional hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, human anti-HBs, T-cell vaccine, DNA vaccine, apoptotic cells expressing HBV antigen, and viral vectors expressing HBV proteins.…”

Section: Advances In the Clinical Application Of Cancer Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…173 HBV vaccine immunoprophylaxis is the most effective way to prevent infection and has been adopted by 190 national or regional Immunization programs have adopted. 174 Vaccination strategies against HBV include a conventional hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccine, human anti-HBs, T-cell vaccine, DNA vaccine, apoptotic cells expressing HBV antigen, and viral vectors expressing HBV proteins. The HBV vaccine is designed to work as follows: (1) The HBsAg protein in the HBV vaccine is phagocytosed and processed by APCs.…”

Section: Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research

Liu,

Xiao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered in the form of cells, peptides, viruses, and nucleic acids. The ideal cancer vaccine has many advantages, including low toxicity, specificity, and induction of persistent immune memory to overcome tumor heterogeneity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Many therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and others. However, many challenges, including single antigen targeting, weak immunogenicity, off-target effects, and impaired immune response, have hindered their broad clinical translation. In this review, we introduce the principle of action, components (including antigens and adjuvants), and classification (according to applicable objects and preparation methods) of cancer vaccines, summarize the delivery methods of cancer vaccines, and review the clinical and theoretical research progress of cancer vaccines. We also present new insights into cancer vaccine technologies, platforms, and applications as well as an understanding of potential next-generation preventive and therapeutic vaccine technologies, providing a broader perspective for future vaccine design.

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Efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine alone in the prevention of hepatitis B perinatal transmission in infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-negative carrier mothers

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Global Perspectives on the Hepatitis B Vaccination: Challenges, Achievements, and the Road to Elimination by 2030

Global Perspectives on the Hepatitis B Vaccination: Challenges, Achievements, and the Road to Elimination by 2030

Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity

Advances in Cancer Vaccine Research

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