Efficacy of T-2 toxin detoxifying agent in broiler chickens

Abstract

This investigation was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy of the detoxifying agent Mycofix® Plus (MP) in the prevention and/or alleviation in vivo adverse effects of T-2 toxin in broilers. In addition, the adsorbing potential of MP was estimated in vitro. Mean degradation levels of T-2 toxin with MP in vitro, as measured by HPTLC, varied from 26.06 to 31.02 % and the adsorption ability was elevated in acidic environment (pH 3). In vivo trial was performed on 160 one day old "Ross" broiler chicks and lasted for 21 days. Birds were divided into 4 equal groups as follows: Group 1 - negative control; Group 2 - positive control - 2 ppm T-2 toxin; Group 3 - 2 ppm T-2 toxin+2 kg/t MP; Group 4 - 2 kg/t MP. Broilers fed the diet containing 2 mg/kg of T-2 toxin without MP developed typical T-2 toxicosis. Birds that were fed the diet containing both T-2 and MP had better performances and no oral ulcerations as the dominant sign of T-2 toxicosis were observed. Histopathological examination of tissues originating from birds fed the diet containing T-2 toxin revealed degenerative changes in the oral and small intestine mucosa, necroses of enterocytes and hepatocytes, as well as depletion of lymphocytes in the bursa Fabricii. Immunohistochemical examination also revealed negative effects of T-2 toxin on cells proliferation in intestineal and bile duct mucosa, as well as on lymphocytes from bursa Fabricii. The macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver, intestine and bursa Fabricii of broilers fed a diet containing T-2 toxin and MP was mostly preserved. Cutaneous basophile hypersensitivity reaction was weaker in broilers fed mixtures containing 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin

Fusarial Toxins: Secondary Metabolites of Fusarium Fungi

“…The systemic toxic effects that follow T-2 and HT-2 dietary exposure cause apoptosis of proliferating cells, such as bone marrow cells (inhibition of hematopoiesis) and cells of the immune system (lymphoid depletion) (EFSA 2011b ). Comparable symptoms have been described in farm animal species, often accompanied by local necroses in the upper gastrointestinal tract (Nesic et al 2012 ). There are signifi cant differences in the sensitivity of monogastric species and ruminants to the T-2 and HT-2 toxin, which is attributed to the effective presystemic elimination (de-epoxidation) of the toxins by the rumen of ruminant microfl ora (Jakic-Dimic and Nesic 2011a ).…”

“…The feasibility of utilizing organic adsorbents has also been examined, particularly esterifi ed glucomanane which is isolated from the inner layer of yeast cell wall and which possesses signifi cant adsorption capacity (Devegowda et al 2004 ;Nesic 2003 ;Nesic et al 2008a , b ). Recently a new type of additive was developed which contains microorganisms that have the ability to enzymatically modify the mycotoxin structure (Fuchs et al 2002 ;Nesic et al 2011Nesic et al , 2012.…”

Mycotoxins – climate impact and steps to prevention based on prediction

“…In the trial of Nesic et al [46] a multicomponent mycotoxin adsorbent was used. Adsorption capacities were upgraded by the addition of enzymes (de-epoxydase and lactonase) in order to cope with the more non-polar mycotoxins, like T-2 toxin, and showed a success by transforming T-2 toxin into inactive de-epoxy-HT-2 toxin by deacetylation, through the intermediate HT-2 toxin.…”

Safety and efficacy of microorganism DSM 11798 as a technological additive for all avian species

“…The applicant makes reference to three feeding trials with chickens for fattening in which the additive appeared to show some protective effects against T-2 toxin and 4,15-diacetoxiscirpenol (Diaz, 2002;Diaz et al, 2005;Nesic et al, 2012). However, these were of short duration (21-28 days) and monitored only performance.…”