Efficacy of silver ions against<i>Sacbrood virus</i>infection in the Eastern honey bee<i>Apis cerana</i>

Ahn, Ah-Jin; Ahn, Kyu-Sung; Suh, Guk-Hyun; Noh, Jin-Hyeong; Kim, Young Ha; Yoo, Mi-Sun; Kang, Sang Wook; Shin, Sung-Shik

doi:10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.289

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There is a long and refreshing tradition of academic discussions between advocates of Mo and their opponents with allegiance to W + Mo as alloying strategies for superduplex stainless steels and weld metals. The scientific basis for the discussion is to a large extent centered on the precipitation of sigma phase contra chi phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Computational Thermodynamics to Predict Growth of Intermetallic Phases in Superduplex Stainless Steels

Wessman

Pettersson

2015

steel research int.

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Computational thermodynamics were used to predict the growth of intermetallic phases in superduplex stainless steels, assuming that it is the ferrite which primarily decomposes during heat treatments below 1000 °C. Sigma and chi phase were modeled to form at the edge of a 10 μm ferrite unit and the time from 0.1 s to the development of a 100 nm layer of the phase in question was evaluated. This approach encompasses thermodynamics and kinetics of growth of the intermetallic phases but omits nucleation. Nevertheless the calculations accurately predict the classic C‐shaped TTT curves, in which “nose” the growth is most rapid with a critical combination of precipitation, diffusion, and driving force. Verification of the relevance of the model was done by comparison with a publication with experimental studies of molybdenum and tungsten alloyed superduplex stainless steel weld metals, showing that partial substitution of Mo of by W does cause a more rapid growth of intermetallic phases. In addition the effect of the partial substitution of nickel by copper was examined and showed that copper decreases the amount of sigma phase and also reduces its growth rate. The results also suggest that the time for nucleation is of less importance in this context than previously suggested and thermodynamics and kinetics are sufficient to give an adequate explanation to the experimental results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Computational Thermodynamics to Predict Growth of Intermetallic Phases in Superduplex Stainless Steels

Wessman

Pettersson

2015

steel research int.

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“…CSBV and SBV have similar genomes and sizes (26–30 nm in diameter), but they differ in their physiochemical characteristics, immunogenicity and pathogenicity in honeybees (Hu et al., ). CSBV belongs to the Picornavirales (order), Iflaviridae (family), and Iflavirus (genus) order, which represent a group of positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA viruses (Ahn et al., ; Hu et al., ; Reddy et al., ; Roy, Vidal‐Naquet, & Provost, ; Shan et al., ; Xia et al., ; Yoo et al., ). SBV infects mostly larvae, including adult bees, because the adult bees do not present disease symptoms and there is a failure of infection in pupae (Ahn et al., ; Choe, Nguyen, Hyun et al., ; Choe, Nguyen, Jin et al., ; Roy et al., ; Xia et al., ; Zhang et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bee viruses in Apis cerana cerana populations from different locations in the Fujian Province of China

Hassanyar

Huang

et al. 2019

MicrobiologyOpen

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Prevalence of honeybee viral diseases has recently been causing major problems in the beekeeping industry, causing economic losses worldwide. Honeybees are susceptible to a variety of diseases and various pathogens. Among these pathogens, prevalence viruses, along with other factors, are seriously threatening the health of bee species. In the present study, samples were collected from 80 Apis cerana cerana (A. c. cerana) colonies from three different locations, Cangshan, Fuan, and Yongtai, in the Fujian Province of China. All samples were screened using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method for detection of seven honeybee viruses, namely, Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), and Kashmir bee virus (KBV). Our results showed that CSBV was the most prevalent as it was detected in (90%), of the samples, DWV was detected in (81.25%), and IAPV was detected in (26.25%). In contrast, insignificant prevalence results were obtained from all apiaries for BQCV, CBPV, APBV, and KBV, which were not detected in any sample. Here, we are providing the first report on the molecular detection of honeybee viruses, especially the prevalence of IAPV, from different regions in the Fujian Province of China with a high prevalence of bee viruses, on A. c. cerana, and there is great concern for the presence of honeybee viruses in the population of the native honeybee (A. c. cerana) in China.

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“…In recent years, some CSBV prevention and control schemes have been studied, including feeding A. mellifera with royal jelly, silver ion, CSBV dsRNA, and SP6 ( Zhang et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Ahn et al, 2015 ; Shen et al, 2017 ). However, these measures are still in the research stage, and CSBV infections have not been completely controlled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Application of Egg Yolk Antibodies Against Chinese Sacbrood Virus Infection

Sun

Fei

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) infects Apis cerana larvae, resulting in the inability of the larvae to pupate and their consequent death, which may pose a serious threat to entire colonies. As there is no effective medical treatment for CSBV infections, further studies are necessary. In this study, an effective treatment for CSBV is described, based on a specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) from egg yolk against CSBV. The inactivated vaccine was produced by ultracentrifugation and formalin treatment, using CSBV purified from a natural outbreak. The specific IgY was produced by immunization of white leghorn hens with the vaccine. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified CSBV as the coating antigen revealed that the anti-CSBV IgY titer began increasing in the egg yolk on the 14th day post-immunization, reaching a peak on day 42, and anti-CSBV IgY remained at a high level until day 91. IgY isolated from the combinations of egg yolk collected between days 42–91 was purified by PEG and ammonium sulfate precipitation. In three repeated protection experiments using A. cerana larvae inoculated with CSBV, the survival rate of larvae was more than 80%, and the titer of anti-CSBV IgY was more than 25 and 24 when the larvae were fed IgY 24 h after and before inoculation with CSBV, respectively. Therefore, 400 colonies infected with CSBV were treated by feeding sugar containing IgY solutions with an antibody titer of 25, and the cure rate was 95–100%. Three hundred susceptible colonies were protected by feeding the larvae with sugar containing IgY solutions with an antibody titer of 24, and the protection rate was 97%. The results clearly suggest that a specific IgY was obtained from hens immunized with an inactivated-CSBV vaccine; this may be a novel method for controlling CSBV infection.

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Efficacy of silver ions againstSacbrood virusinfection in the Eastern honey beeApis cerana

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Application of Computational Thermodynamics to Predict Growth of Intermetallic Phases in Superduplex Stainless Steels

Application of Computational Thermodynamics to Predict Growth of Intermetallic Phases in Superduplex Stainless Steels

Prevalence of bee viruses in Apis cerana cerana populations from different locations in the Fujian Province of China

Preparation and Application of Egg Yolk Antibodies Against Chinese Sacbrood Virus Infection

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