Efficacy of school‐based interventions for improving muscular fitness outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Villa‐González, Emilio; Barranco‐Ruiz, Yaira; García-Hermoso, António; Faigenbaum, Avery D.

doi:10.1080/17461391.2022.2029578

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…These improvements are slightly less beneficial than those of one previous study regarding local muscular endurance, where the effect sizes were 0.61 and 0.67 for DTE and dynamic curl-ups, respectively [ 28 ]. The systematic review and meta-analysis by Villa-González, Barranco-Ruiz, García-Hermoso, and Faigenbaum [ 16 ] found that school-based exercise interventions were associated with significant moderate increases in local muscular endurance (g = 0.65 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.17, p = 0.020; I 2 = 85.0%), with higher effects when using interventions with ≥3 sessions per week. Zhao, Liu, Han, Li, Liu, Chen, and Li [ 17 ] proved that school-based interventions improved local muscular endurance in sit-ups (14.96%) and push-ups (15.73%), the finds of which are somewhat similar to our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study showed that both interventions improved leg extension strength and endurance compared to the control group, but the high-repetition moderate-load training program was more effective in improving leg extension muscular endurance and chest press strength and endurance. Recently, Villa-González et al [ 16 ] conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions for enhancing children’s muscular fitness. The findings indicated that exercise interventions, predominantly combined interventions targeting selected domains of muscular fitness, were associated with significant moderate increases in local muscular endurance, muscular strength, and muscular power, with more significant effects observed with three sessions per week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School-Based Circuit Training Intervention Improves Local Muscular Endurance in Primary School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2023

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Background: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a 12-week circuit training program in improving local muscular endurance in normal-weighted primary school students. Methods: The study involved a parallel-group randomized trial with 606 primary school boys assigned to an experimental or a control group. The participants underwent a 12-week circuit training program that involved multi-joint, total-body workouts using body weight, resistance bands, and medicine ball exercises. The study measured the participants’ local muscular endurance during sit-ups, dynamic trunk extensions on a Roman bench (DTE), and push-ups. Results: After adjusting for the baseline, the treatment–grade interaction was significant for sit-ups (F = 7.74, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.04), DTE (F = 6.49, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.03), and push-ups (F = 9.22, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.05), where the experimental treatment was more beneficial than the control. The treatment effect seemed to vary depending on the individual’s baseline local muscle endurance capacity. As the baseline local muscular endurance values increased, the treatment and grade effects became less beneficial. Conclusion: A 12-week circuit training program involving body weight, resistance bands, and medicine ball exercises suits school-based programs and can improve local muscular endurance in normal-weighted primary school boys. The experimental treatment was more effective than the control, and the individual baseline muscular endurance should be considered when designing training programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-Based Circuit Training Intervention Improves Local Muscular Endurance in Primary School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2023

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“…Consistency across school types regarding environments, access to equipment, physical education curriculums, sports opportunities, and support networks could help ensure that all children have an equal opportunity to participate in physical activities to their greatest ability and give them the best opportunity to become part of a favorable muscular strength trajectory. School-based interventions have been shown to increase childhood muscular fitness levels (38,39), highlighting how valuable correctly administered activities in the school setting could be for the fitness levels of schoolchildren.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Factors Associated with Muscular Strength Trajectories between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood

Fraser

Blizzard

Cleland

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: To promote greater muscular strength across the life course and, in turn, help improve long-term health outcomes, strategies aimed at increasing muscular strength are required. To inform these strategies, this study identified childhood factors associated with muscular strength trajectories. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study of 1280 Childhood Determinants of Adult Health participants who had a range of potentially modifiable factors (e.g., anthropometric measures, physical activity) and health and risk motivation items (e.g., attitudes, beliefs, and intentions on health-related actions) measured in childhood and had their muscular strength assessed up to three times between childhood and midlife. Associations between childhood factors and three predetermined life course muscular strength trajectories (identified previously using group-base trajectory modeling as follows: above average and increasing, average, and below average and decreasing) were examined using log multinomial regression. Results: Greater physical fitness, physical activity, fat-free mass, enjoyment of physical activity, physical education, and school sports, and positive attitudes regarding the importance of exercising, staying fit, and body image were associated with a lower likelihood of being in the below average and decreasing muscular strength trajectory (relative risk range, 0.45-0.98). Greater physical fitness, physical activity, and fat-free mass, and attending an independent school were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the above average and increasing muscular strength trajectory (relative risk range, 1.03-1.93). Conclusions: In addition to providing health benefits in the short term, physical activity, physical fitness, positive health attitudes, and healthy weight in childhood may lead to better muscular strength in the long term.

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“…27 Moreover, Hartwig et al showed that physical activity interventions have a modest effect on CRF among 4-18-year-old students based on a pooled analysis of 20 controlled trials (overall effect: 0.47 mL/kg/ min [95% CI 0.33 to 0.61]). 28 Although there is a wealth of information regarding the effects of different physical activity interventions on young people's motor competence 22,[29][30][31] and healthrelated fitness, 10,[26][27][28] more studies especially in the school context are needed. In a recent Delphi study utilizing 46 experts in the field, school-based interventions for increasing HRF that are feasible and scalable was ranked fourth in international priorities for physical fitness research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that school‐based interventions can improve young people's HRF. For example, Villa‐Gonzales et al concluded that school‐based activities that include strength exercises may enhance muscular fitness among primary school students (aged <13 years) 26 . In another review and meta‐analytic study, school‐based interventions which targeted muscular fitness in adolescent boys showed small to‐moderate effects 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable school‐based intervention to increase early adolescents' motor competence and health‐related fitness

Huhtiniemi

Sääkslahti

Tolvanen

et al. 2023

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Schools are key settings for the promotion of students' physical activity, fitness, and motor competence. The purpose of our study was to investigate the efficacy of a 5‐month‐long intervention program that aimed to increase students' motor competence and health‐related fitness during school days. We conducted a quasi‐experimental study with 325 Finnish Grade 5 (Mage = 11.26, SD = 0.33) students from five schools. Two schools were allocated to the intervention group and three schools to the control group. The intervention consisted of three components: (a) weekly 20 min session during regular PE lessons, (b) weekly 20 min session during recess, and (c) daily 5‐minute‐long classroom activity breaks. All activities were designed to systematically develop different elements of motor competence and fitness. The following assessments were conducted at baseline and 5‐months: cardiorespiratory fitness levels were measured by 20‐meter shuttle run test, muscular fitness by curl‐up and push‐up tests, and motor competence by 5‐leaps and throwing–catching combination tests. We analyzed the data using a multi‐group latent change score modeling. Results showed that students in the intervention group developed significantly better in 20‐meter shuttle run test (β = 0.269, p = 0.000, 95% CI [0.141, 0.397]; +5.0 laps), push‐up (β = 0.442, p = 0.000, 95% CI [0.267, 0.617]; +6.5 repetitions), curl‐up (β = 0.353, p = 0.001, 95% CI [0.154, 0.552]; +7.8 repetitions), and throwing–catching combination tests (β = 0.195, p = 0.019, 95% CI [0.033, 0.356]; +1.1 repetitions) than students in the control group. The intervention program appeared to be feasible and effective in increasing students' cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and object control skills. This indicates that guided school‐based physical activity programs can be influential in promoting physical fitness and motor competence among early adolescent students.

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Efficacy of school‐based interventions for improving muscular fitness outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

School-Based Circuit Training Intervention Improves Local Muscular Endurance in Primary School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

School-Based Circuit Training Intervention Improves Local Muscular Endurance in Primary School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Childhood Factors Associated with Muscular Strength Trajectories between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood

A scalable school‐based intervention to increase early adolescents' motor competence and health‐related fitness

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