Efficacy of rice husks compost and Trichoderma harzianum on Rhizoctonia solani and its effect on seeds germination and seedling health

Al-Sharmani, Hisham R.; Al-Kalabi, Haidar H.; AL-Abedy, Aqeel N.

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/388/1/012002

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Finally, WBM was chosen to cultivate the endophytic strain EG92 that produced different bioactive metabolites into extracellular fractions, maximizing MnO NPs yield to 9.53 g/l. The cultivation of Trichoderma strains using wheat bran extract was strongly supported by former reports 34,35 . Since organic matter extracted from agricultural waste was generally used as a non-hazardous, cost-effective, rich source of nutrients to cultivate microbial cells, especially fungal cells.…”

Section: Fusarium Solanisupporting

confidence: 59%

Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents

EL-Moslamy

Yahia

Zahran

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This report provides the first description of the myco-synthesis of rod-shaped MnO NPs with an average crystallite size of ~ 35 nm, employing extracellular bioactive metabolites of endophytic Trichodermavirens strain EG92 as capping/reducing agents and MnCl2·4H2O as a parent component. The wheat bran medium was chosen to grow endophytic strain EG92, which produced a variety of bioactive metabolites in extracellular fraction, which increases the yield of MnO NPs to 9.53 g/l. The whole medium and fungal growth conditions that influenced biomass generation were optimized as successive statistical optimization approaches (Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs). The production improvements were achieved at pH 5.5, WBE (35%), and inoculum size (10%), which increased Xmax to twelve-folds (89.63 g/l); thereby, Pmax increased to eight-folds (82.93 g/l). After 162 h, Xmax (145.63 g/l) and Pmax (99.52 g/l) on the side of µmax and YX/S were determined as 0.084 and 7.65, respectively. ViaTaguchi experimental design, fungus-fabricated MnO NPs reaction was improved by adding 0.25 M of MnCl2·4H2O to 100% of fungal extract (reducing/capping agents) and adjusting the reaction pH adjusted to ~ 5. This reaction was incubated at 60 °C for 5 h before adding 20% fungal extract (stabilizing agent). Also, Pmax was raised 40-fold (395.36 g/l) over the BC. Our myco-synthesized MnO NPs exhibit faster and more precise antagonistic actions against phytopathogenic bacteria than fungi; they could be employed as an alternative and promised nano-bio-pesticide to manage a variety of different types of disease-pathogens in the future.

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Section: Fusarium Solanisupporting

confidence: 59%

Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents

EL-Moslamy

Yahia

Zahran

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Алтернативна и устойчива, биологично базирана стратегия за контрол над почвенопреносимите заболявания е превръщането на почвите от кондусивни, благоприятни за развитие на болестта, в супресивни (Hall, 1996). Успешни агрономически практики за повишаване на естествената почвена супресивност към ризоктонийното кореново гниене включват инкорпориране в почвата на компостиран животински тор (Smiley et al, 1996;Sneh et al, 1996;Vatchev et al, 2017;Yanlong et al, 2020), компостирани биоорганични материали (Pane et al, 2011;Al-Sharmani et al, 2019), зелена растителна маса -зелено торене (Parmeter et al, 1970;Handiseni et al, 2013;Matin & Faruq, 2013) или пшеничена слама след стърнище (Vatchev & Yanashkov, 2023). Проблемът за борбата с болестта по житните култури обаче остава все още неразрешен в световен мащаб.…”

Section: въведениеunclassified

Disease suppressive effect in soil against Rhizoctonia root rot induced by mimicking wheat monoculture

Yanashkov,

Vatchev,

Petkova

2024

BJCS

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Disease decline and induction of soil suppressiveness by continuous (5-6 years) monoculture with susceptible plant-host have been reported for various crop-pathogen systems. The present study achieves the goal of inducing suppressive effect in soil towards Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG 4) through monoculture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twenty four high-quality wheat (c. Exotic) seeds were planted in plastic containers, each containing 1.1 L Alluvial-Meadow (sandy-clay) soil (Eutric Fluvisols, according to FAO classification). According to the treatment applied, the resulting plants were grown for 0-4 successive short cropping cycles, each lasting three months. Disease suppressiveness was measured in a bioassay in which the experimental units were rectangular, plastic containers (26 x 6 x 8 cm), with drainage holes in the bottom and detachable trays allowing for manual irrigation from the bottom of the container, 7 cm height of the column of tested soil in each container and a two-row crop of wheat (c. Exotic, 2 rows x 12 plants, 2 x 3 cm plant spacing). The spread of the disease was measured from a focus (point) source of inoculum of the pathogen – 20 inoculum grains from a pure culture developed on autoclaved (30 min at 121 °C) barley, introduced into the soil at the beginning of both rows after emergence of the plants. Immediately after termination of the soil suppressiveness test, the abundance of the major groups of soil microorganisms were determined in rhizosphere soil in each treatment by using the method of decimal dilutions and subsequent culturing on agar media. Separately, bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from the rhizosphere soil on King’s medium. The antagonistic activity of 10 Pseudomonas spp. isolates from each treatment was tested against R. solani AG 4 in vitro by the double culture method. The monoculture of wheat imitated under controlled conditions resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction of the spread of Rhizoctonia root rot from the source of infection. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were also found between the individual treatments with pre-cultivation of wheat: with the increase in the number of cultivation cycles from one to four, there was a significant reduction in disease spread – by 19.5%, 31.0%, 40.5% and 54.8%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. Simultaneously, no substantial alterations were observed in the population densities of the monitored groups of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the experimental plants, including ammonifying and spore-forming bacteria, microscopic fungi, Actinomycetes and bacteria, utilizing mineral N. With the increase in soil suppressiveness from the first to the fifth growing cycle of the crop, a significant increase in the average antagonistic activity of the isolated Pseudomonas spp. against R. solani AG 4 was observed. The thesis is argued that shattering rachis of the ripe ear in wild forms conditioned a continuous “natural” monoculture in which bread wheat and its predecessors grew and evolve during the prehistoric era. We speculate that this condition, along with the lack of genes for resistance to necrotrophic pathogens, have given rise to evolutionary stable defence mechanism and the latter based on mutualistic relationships between the host-plant and bacteria that naturally inhabit rhizosphere and exhibiting high antagonistic (antibiotic) activity against soil-borne plant pathogens. A manifestation of this mechanism is the increasing suppressive response of the soil and the disease decline during or after continuous wheat monoculture. The results obtained in this study are discussed in the light of the microbial eco-evolutionary dynamics in the plant rhizosphere. The progressively increasing pathogen-antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas spp. isolates is discussed as an example of “rapid microbial evolution”, accomplished by possible horizontal gene transfer within one or more successive cultivation cycles of the wheat crop.

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Large-scale production of myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite using endophytic Colonstachys rosea with its antimicrobial efficacy against human pathogens

EL-Moslamy,

Abd-Elhamid,

Fawal

2024

Sci Rep

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In this study, a ZnO/MnO nanocomposite was myco-fabricated using the isolated endophytic Clonostachys rosea strain EG99 as the nano-factory. The extract of strain EG99, a reducing/capping agent, was successfully titrated with equal quantities of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Mn(NO3)2·6H2O (precursors) in a single step to fabricate the rod-shaped ZnO/MnO nanocomposite of size 6.22 nm. The ZnO/MnO nanocomposite was myco-fabricated in 20 min, and the results were validated at 350 and 400 nm using UV–Vis spectroscopy. In a 7-L bioreactor, an industrial biotechnological approach was used to scale up the biomass of this strain, EG99, and the yield of the myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite. A controlled fed-batch fermentation system with a specific nitrogen/carbon ratio and an identical feeding schedule was used in this production process. Higher yields were obtained by adopting a controlled fed-batch fermentation approach in a 7-L bioreactor with a regular feeding schedule using a nitrogen/carbon ratio of 1:200. Overall, the fed-batch produced 89.2 g/l of biomass at its maximum, 2.44 times more than the batch's 36.51 g/l output. Furthermore, the fed-batch's maximum ZnO/MnO nanocomposite yield was 79.81 g/l, a noteworthy 14.5-fold increase over the batch's yield of 5.52 g/l. Finally, we designed an innovative approach to manage the growth of the endophytic strain EG99 using a controlled fed-batch fermentation mode, supporting the rapid, cheap and eco-friendly myco-fabrication of ZnO/MnO nanocomposite. At a dose of 210 µg/ml, the tested myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite exhibited the maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (98.31 ± 0.8%), Escherichia coli (96.70 ± 3.29%), and Candida albicans (95.72 ± 0.95%). At the same dose, Staphylococcus aureus biofilm was eradicated in 48 h; however, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans biofilms needed 72 and 96 h, respectively. Our myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite showed strong and highly selective antagonistic effects against a variety of multidrug-resistant human pathogens. Therefore, in upcoming generations of antibiotics, it might be employed as a nano-antibiotic.

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Efficacy of rice husks compost and Trichoderma harzianum on Rhizoctonia solani and its effect on seeds germination and seedling health

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents

Novel biosynthesis of MnO NPs using Mycoendophyte: industrial bioprocessing strategies and scaling-up production with its evaluation as anti-phytopathogenic agents

Disease suppressive effect in soil against Rhizoctonia root rot induced by mimicking wheat monoculture

Large-scale production of myco-fabricated ZnO/MnO nanocomposite using endophytic Colonstachys rosea with its antimicrobial efficacy against human pathogens

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