Efficacy of Propolis Fluoride and Nano Silver Fluoride for Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans and Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Formation

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the potency of propolis fluoride (PPF) and nano silver fluoride (NSF) as fluoride-based varnishes for inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. In this study, both varnishes were compared to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnish, the gold standard for anticariogenic agents. Methods:The suspensions of S. mutans and E. faecalis were cultured and then plated into 96 -well plates and combined with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16, 3.66, and 4.16%), or PPF (3, 6, and 10%). E. faecalis was incubated in an anaerobic environment for 24 h, and the same protocol was used for S. mutans. The amount of biofilm inhibition was evaluated by optical density measurements at 570 nm using a microplate reader. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA. Results:The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PPF for S. mutans was 3%, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 10%. The MIC of PPF for E. faecalis was at 6%, but no MBC was established. The MIC of NSF for S. mutans was 3.16%, and the MBC was 4.16%. The MIC of NSF for E. faecalis was 3.16%, while the MBC was 4.16%. Biofilm formation was inhibited dose-dependently by both NSF and PPF.Conclusion: NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes show clear antibacterial effects that are comparable to those obtained with SDF fluoride-based varnish.

An Insight into Nano Silver Fluoride-Coated Silk Fibroin Bioinspired Membrane Properties for Guided Tissue Regeneration

“…Then, ammonia was introduced to the solution and the final volume of 13.2 mL was reached with DI water, keeping pH 7. The colorless solution was stored in a bottle (wrapped with a black plastic) at 8 °C [ 37 ]. The 38% SDF (concentrated SDF, represented as CSDF) was also diluted to 1% SDF (diluted SDF, represented as DSDF), in order to have the same concentration as that of NSF (for comparison purposes).…”

Application of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles in Dentistry

“…In addition to active and effective antibacterial treatment, NPs also play a major role in the field of prevent the oral diseases. Nanoparticles of sodium fluoride (NSF) fluoride-based varnishes showed expected antibacterial effects when compared to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes—the gold standard for anticariogenic agents [165,166,167]. The toothbrush impregnated with AgNPs reduced the number of the putative periodontal pathogens [168,169].…”

Therapeutic Use of Silver Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Arrest of Dental Caries

“…Dental caries is one of the most widespread diseases in the world, affecting 95% of the population [ 39 , 40 ] at different stages of their lives [ 41 , 42 ]. Several studies have designed formulations containing silver nanoparticles against cariogenic pathogens mainly against Streptococcus mutans , evaluating their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and in the control of biofilm formation; showing that they are good oral antimicrobial agents [ 28 – 30 , 43 ], especially at dimensions between 80100 nm, since cytotoxicity increased to dimensions lower than 20 nm [ 44 ] has been demonstrated ( Table 1 ).…”