Efficacy of Probiotics in Preventing Vibriosis in the Larviculture of Different Species of Bivalve Shellfish

Bacterial Community Dynamics in an Oyster Hatchery in Response to Probiotic Treatment

“…Swab and larvae samples were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. Extracts from swab, larvae, and water samples were cultured on selective media to perform culturable Vibrio counts following methods in Sohn et al (2016b). All sample types were collected during Trials 1 and 2, but only water samples were collected during Trial 3 (Table 1).…”

“…Previous studies have shown that treatment of larval oysters in the laboratory or the hatchery with the probiotic bacterium Bacillus pumilus RI06-95 significantly increases their survival when challenged with the pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus (Karim et al, 2013; Sohn et al, 2016a). Additionally, administration of this probiotic in a hatchery setting results in reductions in total Vibrio abundance in tank water and surfaces, compared to the control tanks (Sohn et al, 2016b).…”

New Insights into Pathogenic Vibrios Affecting Bivalves in Hatcheries: Present and Future Prospects

“…In the last years, different isolates of Phaeobacter gallaeciensis (formerly Roseobacter gallaeciensis ) and P. inhibens have received special attention by different research groups, due to their great spectrum of in vitro inhibition against pathogenic bacteria from aquaculture systems (Ruiz-Ponte et al, 1999; Prado et al, 2009, 2010; Kesarcodi-Watson et al, 2012; Sohn et al, 2016a,b; Zhao et al, 2016). Prado et al (2009) in experiments performed in marine water, with phytoplankton cultures and with larvae of flat oyster ( O. edulis ) and clam ( R. philippinarum ) cultures confirmed its potential use as control method in mollusc hatcheries, if its action is allowed before the pathogens reach high concentrations in the system.…”

“…According to Verschuere et al (2000) , up to now the best adapted definition to application to larval cultures of bivalves, a probiotic would be a live microbial additive with a beneficial effect on the host, modifying the microbiota associated with the host or the environment, ensuring an optimal use of the feed or improving its nutritional value, improving the host response against the disease, or getting a better quality of its environment. In this sense, several studies have demonstrated high survival ratios when bivalve larvae are treated with probiotics prior to experimental infection with vibrios ( Lodeiros et al, 1987 ; Douillet and Langdon, 1993 , 1994 ; Gibson et al, 1998 ; Riquelme et al, 2000 ; Kesarcodi-Watson et al, 2012 ; Karim et al, 2013 ; Sohn et al, 2016a , b ; Zhao et al, 2016 ). Among the antibiotic-producing marine bacteria used by these authors there are representatives of different bacterial taxa including, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (formerly Alteromonas haloplanktis ), Aeromonas media , Alteromonas macleodii , Neptunomonas sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp.…”

“…Similar results were obtained by Kesarcodi-Watson et al (2012) in challenge experiments of P. maximus , O. edulis and C. gigas larvae with different pathogenic vibrios including V. coraliilyticus and V. splendidus . On the other hand, Sohn et al (2016a , b ) and Zhao et al (2016) demonstrated that probiotic of P. inhibens involves contributions from biofilm formation and antibiotic production and that, as for P. gallaeciensis , colonization in the system prior the introduction of the pathogens is needed for probiotic activity. Our research group has also obtained promising results on the improvement of larval survival and growth using a mixture of marine bacteria with probiotic activity in a scallop ( P. maximus ) hatchery (unpublished results).…”