Efficacy of potential phage cocktails against Vibrio harveyi and closely related Vibrio species isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of India

Stalin, Nattan; Srinivasan, Pappu

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.06.006

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Despite this, all the phages were sensitive to low pH (3.0) with no activity being observed after 24 and 48 h of incubation at this pH. This is consistent with previous studies, which reported that exposure of phages to pH 3.0 and below significantly reduced the viability and stability of phages (38,39). Although the optimum pH for all the phages is 7.6-8.0, phages revealed good stability even at lower pHs of 6.3 and 7.0, which encompasses rumen pH values (6.5-6.9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxigenic Atypical Escherichia coli O177 Strains Isolated From Cattle Feces

Montso

Mlambo

Ateba

2019

Front. Public Health

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The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance and emergence of virulent bacterial pathogens, coupled with a lack of new effective antibiotics, has reignited interest in the use of lytic bacteriophage therapy. The aim of this study was to characterize lytic Escherichia coli O177-specific bacteriophages isolated from cattle feces to determine their potential application as biocontrol agents. A total of 31 lytic E. coli O177-specific bacteriophages were isolated. A large proportion (71%) of these phage isolates produced large plaques while 29% produced small plaques on 0.3% soft agar. Based on different plaque morphologies and clarity and size of plaques, eight phages were selected for further analyses. Spot test and efficiency of plating (EOP) analyses were performed to determine the host range for selected phages. Phage morphotype and growth were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and the one-step growth curve method. Phages were also assessed for thermal and pH stability. The spot test revealed that all selected phages were capable of infecting different environmental E. coli strains. However, none of the phages infected American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and environmental Salmonella strains. Furthermore, EOP analysis (range: 0.1-1.0) showed that phages were capable of infecting a wide range of E. coli isolates. Selected phage isolates had a similar morphotype (an icosahedral head and a contractile tail) and were classified under the order Caudovirales, Myoviridae family. The icosahedral heads ranged from 81.2 to 110.77 nm, while the contractile tails ranged from 115.55 to 132.57 nm in size. The phages were found to be still active after 60 min of incubation at 37 and 40 • C. Incremental levels of pH induced a quadratic response on stability of all phages. The pH optima for all eight phages ranged between 7.6 and 8.0, while at pH 3.0 all phages were inactive. Phage latent period ranged between 15 and 25 min while burst size ranged from 91 to 522 virion particles [plaque-forming unit (PFU)] per infected cell. These results demonstrate that lytic E. coli O177-specific bacteriophages isolated from cattle feces are highly stable and have the capacity to infect different E. coli strains, traits that make them potential biocontrol agents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxigenic Atypical Escherichia coli O177 Strains Isolated From Cattle Feces

Montso

Mlambo

Ateba

2019

Front. Public Health

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“…A lytic Myoviridae, VhKM4, was recovered (Lal et al 2017). Moreover, a cocktail of three bacteriophages of the Myoviridae and Siphoviridae, which were isolated from shrimp farms in India, inhibited V. harveyi, led to greater survival of tiger shrimp larvae compared to controls (Stalin and Srinivasan 2017).…”

Section: Bacteriophage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Zhang

Austin

2020

Mar Life Sci Technol

183

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Vibrio harveyi, which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class Gammaproteobacteria, includes the species V. carchariae and V. trachuri as its junior synonyms. The organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates, including penaeid shrimp, in aquaculture. Diseased fish may exhibit a range of lesions, including eye lesions/blindness, gastro-enteritis, muscle necrosis, skin ulcers, and tail rot disease. In shrimp, V. harveyi is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the dark. There is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off tissue. It is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of V. harveyi may be different in fish and penaeid shrimp. In shrimp, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, and extracellular proteases, and interaction with bacteriophages. In fish, the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin (encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes), which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis, via the caspase activation pathway. V. harveyi may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in aquaculture. Disease control measures center on dietary supplements (including probiotics), nonspecific immunostimulants, and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.

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“…In conjunction with the above, Southeast Asia dominates in aquaculture production. This is mirrored in the number of articles on phage characterization and application in aquatic ecosystems of an Asian origin [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Outside of Asia, Chilean salmonid farms are one of the most numerous in the fish industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phages as a Cohesive Prophylactic and Therapeutic Approach in Aquaculture Systems

2020

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Facing antibiotic resistance has provoked a continuously growing focus on phage therapy. Although the greatest emphasis has always been placed on phage treatment in humans, behind phage application lies a complex approach that can be usefully adopted by the food industry, from hatcheries and croplands to ready-to-eat products. Such diverse businesses require an efficient method for combating highly pathogenic bacteria since antibiotic resistance concerns every aspect of human life. Despite the vast abundance of phages on Earth, the aquatic environment has been considered their most natural habitat. Water favors multidirectional Brownian motion and increases the possibility of contact between phage particles and their bacterial hosts. As the global production of aquatic organisms has rapidly grown over the past decades, phage treatment of bacterial infections seems to be an obvious and promising solution in this market sector. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Aeromonas and Vibrio, have already proved to be responsible for mass mortalities in aquatic systems, resulting in economic losses. The main objective of this work is to summarize, from a scientific and industry perspective, the recent data regarding phage application in the form of targeted probiotics and therapeutic agents in aquaculture niches.

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Efficacy of potential phage cocktails against Vibrio harveyi and closely related Vibrio species isolated from shrimp aquaculture environment in the south east coast of India

Cited by 65 publications

References 87 publications

Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxigenic Atypical Escherichia coli O177 Strains Isolated From Cattle Feces

Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxigenic Atypical Escherichia coli O177 Strains Isolated From Cattle Feces

Vibrio harveyi: a serious pathogen of fish and invertebrates in mariculture

Phages as a Cohesive Prophylactic and Therapeutic Approach in Aquaculture Systems

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