Efficacy of Petiveria Alliacea (Linneaus) leaf and root bark powder in the control of filariasis vector Culex Quinquefasciatus

Abstract

Background Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, and dengue fever among others. They are well known as public enemies for their noise nuisance, biting annoyance, sleeplessness, allergic reactions, and diseases transmission during the biting and feeding activities. This then necessitate the search for insecticides of plant origin which are bio-degradable, non-toxic, and readily available for man use. Result This study, evaluated the fumigant efficacy of the powder of P. alliacea to control the adult stage of Culex mosquito. Powder of Petiveria alliacea were administered at different dose of (1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g), respectively. Result obtained shows the fumigant effect of the powder were effective with percentage mortality of 18.33–60.00% for the leaf powder and 23.30–71.60% for the root powder within 2 h post-treatment period (P < 0.05). The synergistic effect of the leaf and root powder was also investigated. The lethal dosage (LD50) of the leaf, root, and synergistic effect of leaf and root bark powder required to kill 50% of the adult Culex quinquefasciatus was 3.76 g, 2.86 g, and 2.63 g, respectively. However, 25.06 g, 15.25 g, and 12.94 g of the leaf, root, and leaf and root powder were required to kill 90% (LD90) after a 2-h exposure period. Conclusion These finding suggested P. alliacea powder could be a good source of insecticide which may be used for the production of biopesticides. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of adult mosquito by using botanical insecticides. These plant powders are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and safe for use in mosquito control.

Ethnobotany, chemistry and toxicity of Petivera alliacea: A review

“…These results showed that the P. alliacea leaf extract contained antinociceptive compounds [52]. alliacea might be a dependable source of insecticide to produce biopesticides [40].…”

“…For several years, researchers have assumed that a single compound is responsible for a plant's biological activity, but recently, considering the possibility of synergy between compounds in a plant has been embraced [38]. Studies have revealed that crude extracts of P. alliacea exhibit antisickling [39], fumigant toxicity [40], insecticidal [41], anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immune stimulant, and antibacterial activities [2]. for the bioactive potential.…”

“…Petiveria alliacea leaf and root bark oil adult Culex quinquefasciatus was previously subjected to fumigant toxicity and phytochemical investigation[40]. The leaf extract had a percentage mortality range of 75.00-100% within a 2-hour exposure period (P<0.05), and the root bark extract had a mortality range of 81.67-100%.…”

Phytochemical components and GC–MS analysis of Petiveria alliaceae L. fractions and volatile oils

“…It is a flowering plant that is indigenous to the Caribbean, Central America, the United States, Mexico, and tropical South America [15]. The plants are herbaceous shrubs with small green flowers and a deep root system that can reach heights of 1 m. The leaves and roots have a strong aroma resembling that of garlic [16]. It is a wellknown medicinal herb in many tropical regions.…”